Prevalence, intensity and associated morbidity of Schistosoma japonicum infection in the Dongting Lake region, China
Julie Balen, Zheng-Yuan Zhao, Gail M Williams, Donald P McManus, Giovanna Raso, Jürg Utzinger, Jie Zhou, Yue-Sheng Li
Volume 85, Number 7, July 2007, 519-526
Table 1. Prevalence, as indicated by SEA-ELISA examination alone and in combination with Kato-Katz thick smears, and intensity of infection with Schistosoma japonicum in the sample population, according to sex, age category and endemic setting, shown for a sample of 47 144 individuals in the 2004 periodic epidemiological survey (PES) from the Dongting Lake region of Hunan province, Chinaa
| Variable | S. japonicum infection status |
S. japonicum infection intensity (epg) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infected:SEA-ELISAN (%) | Infected:SEA-ELISAb plus Kato-KatzN (%) | Geometric mean intensityepg (SD) | Light(1–100)N (%) | Moderate(101–400)N (%) | Heavy(>400)N (%) | ||||
| Year | 2004 | 1995c | 2004 | 1995c | 2004 | 2004 | 2004 | 2004 | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 3758 (15.3) | 2383 (9.9) | 673 (2.7) | 17.6 (n.a.) | 28.6 (10.3) | 581 (86.3) | 80 (11.9) | 12 (1.8) | |
| Female | 1867 (8.3) | 1105 (5.4) | 201 (0.9) | 17.4 (n.a.) | 24.7 (23.3) | 181 (90.1) | 17 (8.5) | 3 (1.5) | |
| Age category (years) | |||||||||
| 0–19 | 708 (5.6) | 383 (3.1) | 59 (0.5) | 12.6 (n.a.) | 21.9 (3.4) | 55 (93.2) | 4 (6.8) | 0 | |
| 20–39 | 1813 (12.5) | 1675 (8.1) | 267 (1.8) | 17.6 (n.a.) | 27.4 (24.2) | 236 (88.4) | 24 (9.0) | 7 (2.6) | |
| 40–59 | 2550 (15.7) | 1430 (12.4) | 460 (2.8) | 18.8 (n.a.) | 27.7 (19.2) | 396 (86.1) | 57 (12.4) | 7 (1.5) | |
| ⩾60 | 554 (15.1) | – | 88 (2.4) | – | 32.8 (17.6) | 75 (85.2) | 12 (13.6) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Endemic setting | |||||||||
| Lake fork | 698 (13.2) | 582 (11.2) | 187 (3.5) | 8.3 (n.a.) | 51.7 (35.1) | 134 (71.6) | 43 (23.0) | 10 (5.4) | |
| Lake embankment | 3038 (13.5) | 1493 (9.2) | 576 (2.6) | 23.9 (n.a.) | 21.8 (9.6) | 541 (93.9) | 33 (5.7) | 2 (0.4) | |
| Inside embankment | 1157 (10.6) | 473 (2.5) | 63 (0.6) | 34.7 (n.a.) | 25.6 (9.1) | 33 (71.7) | 11 (23.9) | 2 (4.4) | |
| Lakebeach | 500 (9.5) | 940 (22.5) | 46 (0.9) | 11.4 (n.a.) | 43.6 (34.3) | 53 (84.1) | 9 (14.3) | 1 (1.6) | |
| Hills | 232 (7.4) | 0 | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 91.9 (3.3) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 0 | |
epg, eggs per gram; SD, standard deviation; SEA-ELISA, soluble egg antigen - indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.a Data from the 1995 PES are shown for comparison.b In the second national schistosomiasis PES, in 1995, the miracidial hatching test was performed on stool samples from all individuals, followed by Kato-Katz thick smear examination of positive individuals, while in 2004 the initial screening of the participants was done by an SEA-ELISA examination.24c Data obtained from the Hunan Provincial Office of the Leading Group for Schistosomiasis and Endemic Diseases Control.