Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Global costs of attaining the Millennium Development Goal for water supply and sanitation

Guy Hutton, Jamie Bartram

Volume 86, Number 1, January 2008, 13-19

Table 1. Summary of spending on water and sanitation to meet Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) under different scenarios

Scenario	Water (US$ billion)		Sanitation (US$ billion)		Water and sanitation (US$ billion)
Scenario	New	Total^a	New	Total^b	New	Total^c
Base case	42	364	142	358	184	722
1. All HC	71	393	256	472	327	865
2. High unit costs	79	401	245	461	324	862
3. All HC & high unit costs	142	464	522	738	665	1203
4. All non-HC	23	345	113	329	135	673
5. Low unit costs	37	359	57	273	94	632
6. All non-HC & low unit costs	20	342	68	284	88	626
7. No rural/urban MDG target	46	368	162	378	208	746
8. All population increments categorized as unimproved	121	397	220	401	341	799
9. Programme costs, add 10%	46	400	156	394	202	794
10. Programme costs, add 20%	50	437	170	430	221	866
11. Programme costs, add 30%	54	473	185	465	239	938

HC, house connection (water and/or sanitation); non-HC, other improvements outlined in text.^a In scenarios 1–7, this is the sum of new coverage column plus US$ 322 billion for existing facilities. For scenarios 8–11, the cost of existing facilities is different.^b In scenarios 1–7, this is the sum of new coverage column plus US$ 216 billion for existing facilities. For scenarios 8–11, the cost of existing facilities is different.^c In scenarios 1–7, this is the sum of new coverage column plus US$ 538 billion for existing facilities. For scenarios 8–11, the cost of existing facilities is different.