Political and social context of not attaining the Millennium Development Goal to reduce poverty
Marco Palma-Solís, Diana Gil-González, Carlos Álvarez-Dardet, María Teresa Ruiz-Cantero
Volume 86, Number 10, October 2008, 772-779
Table 3. Associations between a reduction in poverty and the social and political context in accordance with Target 1 of the Millennium Development Goals, 2002
| Variable | Achieveda |
Not achieveda |
Simple regression |
Multiple regression |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of countries | Average value of variable | No. of countries | Average value of variable | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Multiple odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | ||||
| Government consumption (per capita)b | 152 | 46981 | 2546 | 38358 | 13.80(2.92–65.26) | 0.00 | 9.80(1.82–52.75) | 0.00 | |||
| Domestic consumption (per capita)b | 152 | 1840467 | 2843 | 1463309 | 11.52(2.44–54.28) | 0.00 | 0.94(0.08–11.18) | 0.96 | |||
| Gross formation of capital (per capita)b | 152 | 706168 | 2643 | 59795 | 12.40(2.62–58.66) | 0.00 | 1.70(0.16–18.50) | 0.66 | |||
| Balance of imports–exports (per capita)b | 89 | 2901–1636 | 1159 | 3064–866 | 4.77(1.51–15.05) | 0.00 | 5.34(1.32–21.54) | 0.02 | |||
| Gini indexc | 124 | 35.745.7 | 2739 | 33.849.9 | 4.33(1.26–14.88) | 0.02 | 4.74(1.12–20.01) | 0.03 | |||
| Urban population (%) | 152 | 62.434.7 | 3536 | 60.426.3 | 7.71(1.64–36.24) | 0.01 | 2.40(0.42–13.65) | 0.33 | |||
| Freedom indexd | 89 | 2.05.2 | 3833 | 3.25.5 | 0.77(0.28–2.23) | 0.63 | – | – | |||
CI, confidence interval.a First row of information corresponds to the category of reference.b Constant dollars at 1990.c Values between 0 and 100 (0 = no inequalities; 100 = maximum inequality).d Values between 1 and 7 (1 = maximum freedom; 7 = minimum freedom).