Impact of an integrated nutrition and health programme on neonatal mortality in rural northern India
Abdullah H Baqui, Emma K Williams, Amanda M Rosecrans, Praween K Agrawal, Saifuddin Ahmed, Gary L Darmstadt, Vishwajeet Kumar, Usha Kiran, Dharmendra Panwar, Ramesh C Ahuja, Vinod K Srivastava, Robert E Black, Manthuram Santosham
Volume 86, Number 10, October 2008, 796-804
Table 3. Programme exposure and behaviour change in recently delivered women by study district: baseline (2001–2002) and endline (2004–2005)
| Indicator | Number of recently delivered women (%) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline survey |
Endline survey |
AdjustedP-valuea | ||||
| Comparison district(n = 6 196) | Intervention district(n = 8 756) | Comparison district(n = 6 014) | Intervention district(n = 7 812) | |||
| < 0.001b | ||||||
| No visit | 4623 (74.6) | 7249 (82.8) | 4673 (77.7) | 2995 (38.3) | ||
| Only antenatal visit | 1241 (20.0) | 1212 (13.9) | 1010 (16.8) | 1747 (22.4) | ||
| Only postnatal visit within 28 days | 123 (2.0) | 116 (1.3) | 91 (1.5) | 450 (5.8) | ||
| Antenatal visit and postnatal visit: | ||||||
| within 28 days | 209 (3.4) | 179 (2.0) | 240 (4.0) | 2620 (33.5) | ||
| within 3 days | 99 (1.6) | 79 (0.9) | 119 (2.0) | 1585 (20.3) | < 0.001 | |
| within 7 days | 129 (2.1) | 111 (1.2) | 149 (2.5) | 2025 (25.9) | < 0.001 | |
| Proportion of mothers who: | ||||||
| Received ≥ 1 antenatal check-upc | 1517 (24.5) | 1451 (16.6) | 1653 (27.5) | 2771 (35.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Received ≥ 3 antenatal check-upsc | 426 (6.9) | 316 (3.6) | 538 (9.0) | 952 (12.2) | < 0.001 | |
| Received ≥ 2 tetanus immunizations | 3590 (57.9) | 4189 (47.8) | 3764 (62.6) | 5495 (70.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Consumed ≥ 100 iron-folic acid tablets | 412 (6.7) | 436 (5.0) | 497 (8.3) | 1663 (21.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Saved money for childbirth | 758 (12.2) | 1294 (14.8) | 1795 (29.9) | 3936 (50.4) | < 0.001 | |
| Took any other birth planning stepd | 1232 (19.9) | 933 (10.7) | 1082 (18.0) | 2707 (34.6) | < 0.001 | |
| Proportion of mothers who: | ||||||
| Delivered in a health facility or at home with a skilled birth attendantc | 1085 (17.5) | 1423 (16.3) | 1314 (21.8) | 1756 (22.5) | < 0.009 | |
| Practiced clean cord caree | 1992 (36.0) | 2471 (32.1) | 2117 (41.5) | 4488 (68.4) | < 0.001 | |
| Practiced newborn thermal care at least for first 6 hoursf | 47 (0.8) | 341 (3.9) | 38 (0.6) | 1900 (24.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Initiated breastfeeding in first hour | 148 (2.4) | 268 (3.1) | 347 (5.8) | 2948 (37.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Newborn check-up:c | ||||||
| within 3 days | 263 (4.2) | 101 (1.2) | 483 (8.0) | 1297 (16.6) | < 0.001 | |
| within 7 days | 383 (6.2) | 152 (1.7) | 552 (9.2) | 1529 (19.6) | < 0.001 | |
| within 28 days | 571 (9.2) | 209 (2.4) | 712 (11.8) | 1887 (24.2) | < 0.001 | |
a P-value for difference-in-difference test adjusted for age, education, parity, religion and standard-of-living score.b For change in coverage of all home visits (i.e. postnatal and antenatal) from baseline to endline (comparison group versus intervention group).c From a medically qualified doctor, nurse, lady health visitor or auxiliary nurse-midwife; newborn check-up includes care sought for sick babies and well baby care.d At least one of the following: suitable location for delivery, person to deliver baby, hospital/clinic to be attended in case of complication, arrangement for transport and disposable delivery kit.e Umbilical cord cut with boiled blade and tied with sterile thread.f Neonate dried and wrapped immediately after delivery and first bath delayed for at least 6 hours.