Effects of mutual health organizations on use of priority health-care services in urban and rural Mali: a case–control study
Lynne Miller Franco, François Pathé Diop, Clara R Burgert, Allison Gamble Kelley, Marty Makinen, Cheick Hamed Tidiane Simpara
Volume 86, Number 11, November 2008, 830-838
Table 4. Characteristics of annual household spending on health in US dollars (US$) among MHO members and the entire community in areas served by MHOs, Mali, 2003–2004
| Measure | Bla |
Sikasso |
Overall |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MHO member | All Bla | MHO member | All Sikasso | Total sample | |||
| A. Health expendituresa (mean) | 129 | 108 | 164 | 172 | 134 | ||
| B. Health expendituresa (median) | 46 | 15 | 30 | 23 | 17 | ||
| C. Health expenditures out of total cashb (mean %) | 6.4 | 8.9 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.8 | ||
| D. Health expenditures out of total cashb (median %) | 3.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.1 | ||
| Ratio of mean health expenditures to median health expenditures (A/B) | 2.8 | 7.2 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 7.9 | ||
| Ratio of mean health expenditures out of total cashb to median health expenditures out of total cashb (C/D) | 2.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 3.7 | ||
MHO, mutual health organization.a US$ 1 = 527 CFA francs at the time of the survey in 2004.b Annual cash expenditure is used as the denominator here, rather than total value of consumption (which includes self-produced items), since health expenditures must be made in cash.