Acute pesticide poisoning: a proposed classification tool
Josef G Thundiyil, Judy Stober, Nida Besbelli, Jenny Pronczuk
Volume 86, Number 3, March 2008, 205-209
Table 2. Signs and symptoms by organ system and severity category
| Organ system | Severity of symptoms |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatal | High | Moderate | Low | ||
| Gastrointestinal |
Death |
Massive haemorrhageGut perforation2nd or 3rd degree burnsSevere dysphagia |
DiarrhoeaVomitingBloody stoolsJaundice |
Abdominal crampingLoss of appetiteNauseaOral irritationConstipation |
|
| Respiratory |
Death |
Cyanosis and respiratory depressionPulmonary oedemaRespiratory arrest |
Diffuse radiographic abnormalitiesPleuritic chest painRespiratory depressionBronchospasmDyspnoea |
CoughAirway irritationRhinitisSneezing |
|
| Nervous |
Death |
ComaParalysisSeizureStuporWidespread neurologic impairment |
ConfusionHallucinationsBlurred visionAtaxiaSlurred speechSyncopeHearing lossLocalized neuropathy/ paraesthesias |
HyperactivityHeadacheProfuse sweatingDizzinessTremorTinnitusDrowsiness |
|
| Cardiovascular |
Death |
Bradycardia: HR < 40 adults, < 60 children, < 80 neonatesTachycardia: HR > 180 adults, > 190 children, > 200 neonatesCardiac arrestMyocardial infarctionShock |
Bradycardia: HR 40–50 adults, 60–80 children, 80–90 neonatesTachycardia: HR 140–180 adults, 160–190 children, 160–200 neonatesChest painConduction disturbanceHypertensionHypotension |
Isolated extrasystolesMild transient hypertension |
|
| Metabolism |
Death |
Acid/base disturbance (pH < 7.15 or > 7.7)Severe electrolyte imbalance |
Elevated anion gapAcidosis (pH 7.15–7.30)Alkalosis (pH 7.60–7.69) |
Fever of short durationMild hyperglycaemia |
|
| Renal |
Death |
AnuriaRenal failure |
HaematuriaOliguriaProteinuria |
Polyuria |
|
| Muscular |
Death |
Muscle rigidity and rhabdomyolysisCompartment syndrome |
FasciculationsRigidityWeakness |
Muscle weaknessMuscle pain |
|
| Dermatologic |
Death |
Burns: 2nd degree > 50% total BSABurns: 3rd degree of > 2% BSA |
BullaeBurns: 2nd degree < 50% BSABurns: 3rd degree of < 2% BSA |
Oedema, swelling, Erythema, irritationUrticaria |
|
| Ocular |
Death |
Corneal ulcerCorneal perforationLoss of vision |
Corneal abrasionOcular burnVisual changes |
LacrimationMydriasisMiosisPain/ conjunctivitis |
|
| Other | Death | – | – | FatigueMalaise | |
BSA, body surface area; HR, heart rate.Based on references 22 and 30.