Global strategies to reduce the price of antiretroviral medicines: evidence from transactional databases
Brenda Waning, Warren Kaplan, Alexis C King, Danielle A Lawrence, Hubert G Leufkens & Matthew P Fox
Volume 87, Number 7, July 2009, 520-528
Table 2. Effect of purchase volume, divided into thirds, on the price of individual ARVs as determined by regression analysis. The median unadjusted annual price per person of individual products during July 2006–June 2007 is shown for reference
| Antiretroviral | Median unadjusted annual price per persona |
Price difference from regression analysisb (%) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-volume purchases (US$) | Medium-volume purchases (US$) | Low-volume purchases (US$) | High-volume vsmedium-volume purchases | High-volume vslow-volume purchases | |||||||
| Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) | |||||||||||
| Abacavir 300 mg | 438 | 453 | 540 | 3 | –1 | ||||||
| Didanosine 100 mgc | 115 | 115 | 88 | 4 | –2 | ||||||
| Didanosine 200 mg | 314 | 241 | 226 | 4 | –3 | ||||||
| Didanosine 400 mg | 303 | 434 | 288 | –12 | –4 | ||||||
| Lamivudine 150 mg | 51 | 51 | 58 | 2 | –2 | ||||||
| Stavudine 20 mgc | 15 | 15 | 33 | –2 | –2 | ||||||
| Stavudine 30 mg | 29 | 29 | 37 | 6 | –5 | ||||||
| Stavudine 40 mg | 37 | 37 | 37 | 4 | 12 | ||||||
| Stavudine 30 mg plus lamivudine 150 mg | 66 | 73 | 66 | 0.7 | 5 | ||||||
| Stavudine 40 mg plus lamivudine 150 mg | 80 | 73 | 66 | –2 | 6 | ||||||
| Tenofovir 300 mg | 208 | 208 | 226 | 7 | –7 | ||||||
| Zidovudine 100 mgc | 51 | 55 | 58 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| Zidovudine 300 mg | 124 | 117 | 146 | –4 | –5 | ||||||
| Zidovudine 300 mg plus lamivudine 150 mg | 139 | 168 | 139 | –1 | –7 | ||||||
| Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) | |||||||||||
| Efavirenz 50 mgc | 161 | 161 | 161 | 1 | 3 | ||||||
| Efavirenz 200 mgc | 111 | 131 | 77 | –7 | –6 | ||||||
| Efavirenz 600 mg | 234 | 245 | 245 | –4 | –7 | ||||||
| Nevirapine 200 mg | 58 | 55 | 58 | –3 | –3 | ||||||
| Fixed-dose combination of NRTIs and an NNRTI | |||||||||||
| Stavudine 30 mg plus lamivudine 150 mg plus nevirapine 200 mg | 95 | 102 | 102 | –5 | –5 | ||||||
| Stavudine 40 mg plus lamivudine 150 mg plus nevirapine 200 mg | 131 | 102 | 102 | –11 | –16 | ||||||
| Protease inhibitors | |||||||||||
| Indinavir 400 mg | 394 | 511 | 496 | –6 | –7 | ||||||
| Lopinavir 133.3 mg plus ritonavir 33.3 mg | 920 | 1007 | 591 | –13 | –21 | ||||||
| Nelfinavir 250 mg | 1059 | 1113 | 1059 | –4 | 3 | ||||||
| Ritonavir 100 mg | 80 | 88 | 91 | –8 | 6 | ||||||
ARV, antiretroviral; US$, United States dollar.
a Median price per person per year during July 2006–June 2007.
b Statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) are shown in boldface type.
c Paediatric dose for children weighing 10 kg.