Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Global strategies to reduce the price of antiretroviral medicines: evidence from transactional databases

Brenda Waning, Warren Kaplan, Alexis C King, Danielle A Lawrence, Hubert G Leufkens & Matthew P Fox

Volume 87, Number 7, July 2009, 520-528

Table 3. Differences between the prices of generic ARVs purchased under CHAI, generic ARVs not purchased under CHAI and differentially priced branded ARVs

Antiretroviral Median unadjusted annual price per persona
 Price difference from regression analysisb (%)
 Median unadjusted annual price per persona
 Price difference from regression analysisb (%)
A
 B
 C
 D
 E
Non-CHAI generic ARV (US$) CHAI generic ARV (US$) CHAI vs non‑CHAI generic ARV Differentially priced branded ARV (US$) Differentially priced branded product vs non‑CHAI generic product
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Abacavir 300 mg 515 358 –15** 635 60**
Didanosine 100 mgc 293 NA NA 115 30*
Didanosine 200 mg 190 NA NA NA NA
Didanosine 400 mg 176d NA NA 288 –63*
Lamivudine 150 mg 51 44 –5 73 51**
Stavudine 20 mgc 15 11 –36** 33 137**
Stavudine 30 mg 37 22 –18* 73 100**
Stavudine 40 mg 37 22 –9 73 98**
Stavudine 30 mg plus lamivudine 150 mg 73 NA NA NA NA
Stavudine 40 mg plus lamivudine 150 mg 73 NA NA NA NA
Tenofovir 300 mg NA NA NA 208 NA
Zidovudine 100 mgc 58 37 –18* 117 112**
Zidovudine 300 mg 131 110 –6* 226 43**
Zidovudine 300 mg plus lamivudine 150 mg 139 124 –13** 241 44**
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Efavirenz 50 mgc 117 NA NA 161 48**
Efavirenz 200 mgc 77 77 –3 131 47**
Efavirenz 600 mg 245 150 –27* 296 23*
Nevirapine 200 mg 66 44 –9* 438 498**
Fixed-dose combination of NRTIs and an NNRTI
Stavudine 30 mg plus lamivudine 150 mg plus nevirapine 200 mg 102 95 –11* NA NA
Stavudine 40 mg plus lamivudine 150 mg plus nevirapine 200 mg 102 80 –11 NA NA
Protease inhibitors
Indinavir 400 mg 380 NA NA 467 29*
Lopinavir 133.3 mg plus ritonavir 33.3 mg 4358 NA NA 591 –73**
Nelfinavir 250 mg 931 NA NA 1095 44**
Ritonavir 100 mg 102 NA NA 80 –35

*P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.0001 (calculated using generalized estimating equation linear regression).ARV, antiretroviral; CHAI, Clinton Foundation HIV/AIDS Initiative; NA, not applicable; US$, United States dollar.
a Median price per person per year during July 2006–June 2007.
b Statistically significant differences are shown in boldface type.
c Paediatric dose for children weighing 10 kg.
d Adjusted median price per person per year based on price during July 2005–June 2006.