Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Structured approaches for the screening and diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis in a high prevalence region of South Africa

Mark Hatherill, Monique Hanslo, Tony Hawkridge, Francesca Little, Lesley Workman, Hassan Mahomed, Michele Tameris, Sizulu Moyo, Hennie Geldenhuys, Willem Hanekom, Lawrence Geiter & Gregory Hussey

Volume 88, Number 4, April 2010, 312-320

Table 2. Nine structured approaches for diagnosing childhood tuberculosis

Approach	Year	Origin	Source data	Classification	Purpose	Lineage
WHO–Harries¹⁰	1996	International	Clinical	Numerical	Diagnosis	Based on Keith Edwards criteria¹⁸ (Papua New Guinea)
Fourie⁹	1998	International	Clinical	Numerical	Screening	High tuberculosis prevalence areas⁹
Osborne¹⁴	1995	Zambia	ClinicalRadiologicalBacteriological	Hierarchical	Screening	Adapted from Cundall²³ (Kenya) and WHO²¹
Migliori¹²	1992	Uganda	ClinicalRadiologicalBacteriological	Binary	Diagnosis	Derived from Ghidey and Habte¹⁹ (Ethiopia)
Stegen–Toledo¹³	2003	Peru	ClinicalRadiologicalBacteriological	Numerical	Diagnosis	Adapted from Stegen–Jones²⁰ (Chile)
MASA¹⁵	1996	South Africa	ClinicalRadiological	Binary	Diagnosis	Clinical practice guideline, MASA
Stoltz–Donald¹⁶	1990	South Africa	ClinicalRadiologicalBacteriological	Hierarchical	Screening	Adapted from Cundall²³ (Kenya) and WHO²¹
Kibel¹¹	1999	South Africa	ClinicalRadiologicalBacteriological	Numerical	Diagnosis	Clinical practice guideline, UCT
SATVI vaccine trial algorithm⁸	2006	South Africa	ClinicalRadiologicalBacteriological	Hierarchical	Diagnosis	Adapted from Cundall²³ (Kenya) and WHO²¹

MASA, Medical Association of South Africa; SATVI, South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative; UCT, University of Cape Town; WHO, World Health Organization.