Influence of gender on loss to follow-up in a large HIV treatment programme in western Kenya
Vincent Ochieng-Ooko, Daniel Ochieng, John E Sidle, Margaret Holdsworth, Kara Wools-Kaloustian, Abraham M Siika, Constantin T Yiannoutsos, Michael Owiti, Sylvester Kimaiyo & Paula Braitstein
Volume 88, Number 9, September 2010, 681-688
Table 4. Variables associated with being lost to follow-up in patients attending clinics for the treatment of HIV infection, on multivariate analysis, Kenya, 2001–2007
| Variable | OR for attending no follow-up visits and being lost to follow-up (n = 29 376) |
HR for being lost to follow-up for patients who attended one or more follow-up visits |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| From enrolment (n = 36 914) |
Before cART initiation (n = 42 903) |
After cART initiation (n = 20 329) |
|||||||||
| Value | 95% CI | Value | 95% CI | Value | 95% CI | Value | 95% CI | ||||
| Gender (men versus women) | 1.42 | 1.19–1.70 | 1.19 | 1.14–1.25 | 1.27 | 1.19–1.36 | 1.24 | 1.15–1.33 | |||
| Age (≥ 36.2 years versus < 36.2 years) | 0.46 | 0.39–0.55 | 0.63 | 0.60–0.66 | 0.64 | 0.60–0.68 | 0.59 | 0.55–0.64 | |||
| Disclosure of HIV+ status at enrolment (yes versus no) | 0.61 | 0.52–0.72 | 0.86 | 0.83–0.90 | 0.81 | 0.77–0.87 | 0.91 | 0.85–0.98 | |||
| Travel time to the clinic ≥ 1 hour (yes versus no) | 1.04 | 0.88–1.23 | 1.07 | 1.02–1.11 | 1.06 | 0.99–1.13 | 1.11 | 1.04–1.19 | |||
| Ever having received cART (yes versus no) | 0.07 | 0.06–0.09 | 0.24 | 0.23–0.26 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| CD4+ lymphocyte count at enrolment (≥ 200 cells/µl versus < 200 cells/µl) | 3.49 | 2.61–4.68 | 0.59 | 0.56–0.63 | 1.31 | 1.21–1.41 | 0.98 | 0.91–1.06 | |||
| WHO HIV disease stage (III/IV versus I/II) | 2.67 | 2.25–3.17 | 1.64 | 1.57–1.72 | 1.54 | 1.44–1.65 | 1.30 | 1.21–1.40 | |||
| Attending an urban clinic (yes versus no) | 0.63 | 0.53–0.74 | 0.87 | 0.84–0.91 | 0.82 | 0.77–0.88 | 0.97 | 0.90–1.04 | |||
| Period of enrolment (2007 or 2005–2006 versus 2001−2004) | 0.14 | 0.12–0.16 | 0.59) | 0.57–0.61 | 0.66 | 0.63–0.69 | 0.85 | 0.79–0.90 | |||
cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HR, hazards ratio; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; WHO, World Health Organization.