Home visits by community health workers to prevent neonatal deaths in developing countries: a systematic review
Siddhartha Gogia & Harshpal Singh Sachdev
Volume 88, Number 9, September 2010, 658-666B
Table 1. Reasons for excluding references from systematic review of controlled trials of home-based interventions to reduce neonatal and infant deaths and stillbirths
| Reference | Reasons for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Alisjahbana A et al. An integrated village maternity service to improve referral patterns in a rural area in West-Java. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1995;48 Suppl;S83–94 | Intervention much broader in scope than defined for this review |
| Bilenko N et al. Utilization of antenatal care services by a semi-nomadic Bedouin Arab population: Evaluation of the impact of a local Maternal and Child Health Clinic. Matern Child Health J 2007;11:425–30 | Not a controlled trial |
| Bolam A et al. The effects of postnatal health education for mothers on infant care and family planning practices in Nepal: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1998;316:805–11 | Mortality data not available |
| Daga SR et al. Rural neonatal care: Dahanu experience. Indian Pediatr 1992;29:189–93 | Not a controlled trial |
| Daga SR, Daga AS, Dighole RV, Patil RP. Anganwadi worker's participation in rural newborn care. Indian J Pediatr 1993;60:627–30 | Not a controlled trial |
| de Francisco A, Schellenberg JA, Hall AJ, Greenwood AM, Cham K, Greenwood BM. Comparison of mortality between villages with and without Primary Health Care workers in Upper River Division, The Gambia. J Trop Med Hyg 1994;97:69–74 | Not a controlled trial |
| Haider R et al. Effect of community-based peer counsellors on exclusive breastfeeding practices in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000;356:1643–7 | Mortality data not available |
| Haider R et al. Training peer counselors to promote and support exclusive breastfeeding in Bangladesh. J Hum Lact 2002;18:7–12 | Mortality data not available |
| Edgerley LP et al. Use of a community mobile health van to increase early access to prenatal care. Matern Child Health J 2007;11:235–9 | No home visitation by CHWs |
| Fauveau V et al. Effect on mortality of community-based maternity-care programme in rural Bangladesh. Lancet 1991;338:1183–6 | Mortality data not available |
| Foord F. Gambia: evaluation of the mobile health care service in West Kiang district. World Health Stat Q 1995;48:18–22 | No home visitation by CHWs |
| Fox-Rushby JA. The Gambia: cost and effectiveness of a mobile maternal health care service, West Kiang. World Health Stat Q 1995;48:23–7 | No home visitation by CHWs |
| Fullerton JT et al. Outcomes of a community- and home-based intervention for safe motherhood and newborn care. Health Care Women Int 2005;26:561–76 | Not a controlled trial |
| Bang AT et al. Reduction in pneumonia mortality and total childhood mortality by means of community-based intervention trial in Gadchiroli, India. Lancet 1990;336:201–6 | Home visitation only for a specific intervention, pneumonia |
| Bang AT et al. Pneumonia in neonates: can it be managed in the community? Arch Dis Child 1993;68:550–6 | Home visitation only for a specific intervention, pneumonia |
| Bang AT et al. Management of childhood pneumonia by traditional birth attendants. The SEARCH Team. Bull World Health Organ 1994;72:897–905 | Home visitation only for a specific intervention, pneumonia |
| Greenwood A et al. Evaluation of a primary health care programme in The Gambia. I. The impact of trained traditional birth attendants on the outcome of pregnancy. J Trop Med Hyg 1990;93:58–66 | TBA training, no home visitation |
| Hill AG et al. Decline of mortality in children in rural Gambia: the influence of village-level primary health care. Trop Med Int Health 2000;5:107–18 | Intervention much broader in scope than defined for this review |
| Jakobsen MS et al. Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding is not likely to be cost effective in West Africa. A randomized intervention study from Guinea-Bissau. Acta Paediatr 2008;97:68–75 | Mortality data not available |
| Jokhio AH et al. An intervention involving traditional birth attendants and perinatal and maternal mortality in Pakistan. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2091–9 | TBA training, no planned post-natal home visitation |
| Kielmann AA et al. The Narangwal Nutrition Study: a summary review. Am J Clin Nutr 1978;31:2040–57 | No home visitation by CHWs |
| Kwast BE. Building a community-based maternity program. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1995;48 Suppl;S67–82 | Not a controlled trial |
| Leite AJ et al. Effectiveness of home-based peer counselling to promote breastfeeding in the north-east of Brazil: a randomized clinical trial. Acta Paediatr 2005;94:741–6 | Mortality data not available |
| Mbonye AK et al. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: a community-based delivery system and its effect on parasitemia, anemia and low birth weight in Uganda. Int J Infect Dis 2008;12:22–9 | Home visitation only for a specific intervention, malaria |
| McPherson RA et al. Are birth-preparedness programmes effective? Results from a field trial in Siraha district, Nepal. J Health Popul Nutr 2006;24:479–88 | Not a controlled trial |
| Meegan ME et al. Effect on neonatal tetanus mortality after a culturally-based health promotion programme. Lancet 2001;358:640–1 | Home visitation for only a specific intervention, cord care |
| Mehnaz A et al. Detection and management of pneumonia by community health workers — a community intervention study in Rehri village, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 1997;47:42–5 | Home visitation for only a specific intervention, cord care |
| Mercer A et al. Effectiveness of an NGO primary health care programme in rural Bangladesh: evidence from the management information system. Health Policy Plan 2004;19:187–98 | Not a controlled trial |
| Morrow AL et al. Efficacy of home-based peer counselling to promote exclusive breastfeeding: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999;353:1226–31 | Mortality data not available |
| Mullany LC et al. Topical applications of chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord for prevention of omphalitis and neonatal mortality in southern Nepal: a community-based, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2006;367:910–8 | Home visitation for only a specific intervention, cord care |
| Nankunda J et al. Community based peer counsellors for support of exclusive breastfeeding: experiences from rural Uganda. Int Breastfeed J 2006;1:19 | Not a controlled trial |
| Pence BW et al. The effect of community nurses and health volunteers on child mortality: the Navrongo Community Health and Family Planning Project. Scand J Public Health 2007;35:599–608 | Community mobilization only, no home-based care |
| Phillips JF et al. Accelerating reproductive and child health programme impact with community-based services: the Navrongo experiment in Ghana. Bull World Health Organ 2006;84:949–5557 | Community mobilization only, no home-based care |
| Osrin D et al. Implementing a community-based participatory intervention to improve essential newborn care in rural Nepal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2003;97:18–2119 | Community mobilization only, no home-based care |
| Manandhar DS et al. Effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:970–9 | Community mobilization only, no home-based care |
| Morrison J et al. Women's health groups to improve perinatal care in rural Nepal. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2005;5:6 | Community mobilization only, no home-based care |
| O'Rourke K et al. Impact of community organization of women on perinatal outcomes in rural Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Publica 1998;3:9–14 | Community mobilization only, no home-based care |
| Perry HB et al. Impact of a community-based comprehensive primary healthcare programme on infant and child mortality in Bolivia. J Health Popul Nutr 2003;21:383–95 | Community mobilization only, no home-based care |
| Pratinidhi A et al. Risk approach strategy in neonatal care. Bull World Health Organ 1986;64:291–7 | Not a controlled trial |
| Shah U et al. Perinatal mortality in rural India: intervention through primary health care. II Neonatal mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health 1984;38:138–42 | Not a controlled trial |
| Saleem S et al. Chlorhexidine vaginal and neonatal wipes in home births in Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2007;110:977–85 | Home visitation only for a specific intervention, cord care |
| Sibley L et al. Home based life saving skills: promoting safe motherhood through innovative community-based interventions. J Midwifery Womens Health 2001;46:258–66 | Not a controlled trial |
| Sibley L et al. The American College of Nurse-Midwives' home-based lifesaving skills program: a review of the Ethiopia field test. J Midwifery Womens Health 2004;49:320–8 | Not a controlled trial |
| Sibley L et al. Home-based Life Saving Skills in Ethiopia: an update on the second phase of field testing. J Midwifery Womens Health 2006;51:284–91 | Not a controlled trial |
| Sloan NL et al. Community-based kangaroo mother care to prevent neonatal and infant mortality: a randomized, controlled cluster trial. Pediatrics 2008;121:e1047–59 | Home visitation only for a specific intervention, Kangaroo Mother Care |
| Taha TE et al. Effect of cleansing the birth canal with antiseptic solution on maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality in Malawi: clinical trial. BMJ 1997;315:216–9 | Home visitation only for a specific intervention, cord care |
| Tielsch JM et al. Impact of newborn skin-cleansing with chlorhexidine on neonatal mortality in southern Nepal: a community-based, cluster-randomized trial. Pediatrics 2007;119:e330–40 | Home visitation only for a specific intervention, cord care |
CHW, community health worker;TBA, traditional birth attendant.