Risk factors associated with sexual violence towards girls in Swaziland
Matthew J Breiding, Avid Reza, Jama Gulaid, Curtis Blanton, James A Mercy, Linda L Dahlberg, Nonhlanhla Dlamini & Sapna Bamrah
Volume 89, Number 3, March 2011, 203-210
Table 2. Association between the experience of sexual violence in childhooda among female respondents and potential demographic and social risk factors, Swaziland, 2007
| Characteristic | Modelb |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fullc |
Reduced |
||||
| AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | ||
| Relationship with mother | |||||
| Extremely/quite closed | – | – | – | – | |
| Somewhat/not very close | 1.88 | 1.21–2.92 | 1.98 | 1.27–3.10 | |
| None | 2.34 | 1.26–4.35 | 2.26 | 1.19–4.29 | |
| Largest no. of people lived with (at any one time) | 1.04 | 1.01–1.07 | 1.04 | 1.01–1.06 | |
| Total no. of families lived with | |||||
| 1d | – | – | – | – | |
| 2 | 1.00 | 0.66–1.52 | – | – | |
| ≥ 3 | 1.58 | 0.99–2.53 | – | – | |
| Attending school at time of survey | |||||
| Yesd | – | – | – | – | |
| No | 2.12 | 1.60–2.82 | 2.28 | 1.68–3.08 | |
| Aware of sex between student and teacher | |||||
| Yes | 1.68 | 1.21–2.34 | 1.69 | 1.23–2.33 | |
| Nod | – | – | – | – | |
| Social support | |||||
| Average time (h) spent daily with friends | |||||
| 0 | 0.81 | 0.52–1.28 | – | – | |
| < 1 | 0.53 | 0.30–0.94 | – | – | |
| 1–2 | 0.89 | 0.51–1.54 | – | – | |
| 3–4 | 0.71 | 0.39–1.29 | – | – | |
| > 4d | – | – | – | – | |
| Physical violence witnessed or experiencede | |||||
| Yes | 1.59 | 1.00–2.55 | – | – | |
| Nod | – | – | – | – | |
| Emotional violence witnessed or experiencede | |||||
| Yes | 2.06 | 1.46–2.91 | 2.21 | 1.57–3.11 | |
| Nod | – | – | – | – | |
| Ever told about/witnessed someone being sexually assaultede | |||||
| Yes | 1.43 | 1.01–2.02 | 1.45 | 1.03–2.03 | |
| Nod | – | – | – | – | |
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a Sexual violence before the age of 18 years.
b Models controlled for age, socioeconomic status and residence (urban/rural).
c Full models included any variables that were significant in individual models (adjusted Wald χ2 for P < 0.10).
d Reference category.
e Before the age of 13 years.