Gender empowerment and female-to-male smoking prevalence ratios
Sara C Hitchman & Geoffrey T Fong
Volume 89, Number 3, March 2011, 195-202
Table 1. Descriptive statistics for gender smoking ratio (GSR), gender empowerment measure (GEM) and economic development in 74 countriesa
| Variable | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|
| GSRb | 0.44 | 0.30 |
| GEMc | 0.61 | 0.16 |
| ln(GNI per capita)d | 9.30 | 1.08 |
| Gini coefficiente | 37.75 | 9.09 |
GNI, gross national income; ln, logarithm; SD, standard deviation.
a These were the countries for which data were available on all four measures.
b Male-to-female current cigarette smoking prevalence ratio. Current smoking rates obtained from reference.5
c Obtained from reference.17 Value range: 0 to 1. Values closer to 1 signify higher empowerment.
d GNI per capita in purchasing power parity dollars.
e Obtained from reference.17 Value range: 0 to 1. 0 signifies maximal equality and 1, maximal inequality.