Cross-sectional assessment reveals high diabetes prevalence among newly-diagnosed tuberculosis cases
Blanca I Restrepo, Aulasa J Camerlin, Mohammad H Rahbar, Weiwei Wang, Mary A Restrepo, Izelda Zarate, Francisco Mora-Guzmán, Jesus G Crespo-Solis, Jessica Briggs, Joseph B McCormick & Susan P Fisher-Hoch
Volume 89, Number 5, May 2011, 352-359
Table 1. Characteristics of tuberculosis patients, South Texas and north-eastern Mexico, 2006–2008a
| Host characteristic | South Texas (n = 61) | NE Mexico (n = 172) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age in years, mean (± SD) | 47 (17) | 43 (16) | 0.07 |
| Female gender | 23 (38) | 51 (30) | 0.26 |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 61 (100) | 172 (100) | NA |
| White race | 61 (100) | 172 (0) | NA |
| Country of birth | < 0.0001 | ||
| Texas | 18 (30) | 1 (1) | |
| Mexico | 43 (71) | 171 (99) | |
| Education | 0.0002 | ||
| None | 12 (20) | 19 (11) | |
| Elementary or middle school | 27 (44) | 126 (73) | |
| High school or higher | 22 (36) | 27 (16) | |
| Employed | 34 (56) | 122 (71) | 0.04 |
| Mean annual household income (in US$)b | |||
| Quartile 1 | 6 516 | 2 640 | NAc |
| Quartile 2 | 10 370 | 3 927 | NAc |
| Quartile 3 | 17 520 | 5 232 | NAc |
| Quartile 4 | 88 000 | 57 600 | NAc |
| Known risk factors for tuberculosis | |||
| Alcohol abuse | 5 (8) | 36 (21) | 0.03 |
| Drug abuse | 8 (13) | 43 (25) | 0.07 |
| History of incarceration | 4 (7) | 11 (6) | 1.00 |
| Positivity to HIV | 2 (3) | 7 (4) | 1.00 |
| Diabetes and associated conditions | |||
| Diabetes patients | 24 (39) | 62 (36) | 0.65 |
| Previously undiagnosed diabetics | 1 (4) | 12 (19) | 0.10 |
| Chronic hyperglycaemia (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) | 18 (82) | 34 (64) | 0.17 |
| HbA1c, mean (± SD) | 8.7% (2) | 8% (3) | 0.20 |
| BMI | < 0.0001 | ||
| Underweight | 4 (7) | 42 (25) | |
| Normal weight | 31 (51) | 98 (57) | |
| Overweight | 26 (43) | 31 (18) |
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NA, not applicable; SD, standard deviation.
a All values represent the absolute number followed by the percentage in paretheses unless otherwise indicated. Due to missing information, totals may not always add up to the sample size. Percentages have been rounded.
b 11 Mexican pesos to 1 US$.
c Not applicable because of differences in currency between study sites.