Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation and pregnancy outcomes in developing countries: meta-analysis and meta-regression
Kosuke Kawai, Donna Spiegelman, Anuraj H Shankar & Wafaie W Fawzi
Volume 89, Number 6, June 2011, 402-411B
Table 6. Study population and setting of randomized controlled trials examining the effect of maternal micronutrient supplementation on perinatal and neonatal mortality in developing countries
| Study location | Setting | Maternal BMI < 18.5 (%) | Maternal height (cm) | Women without education (%) | Effect of micronutrient supplements on perinatal mortality, RR (95% CI) | Perinatal mortalitya in controls | Low birth weight in controls (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Republic of Tanzania, HIV+ |
Urban, Dar es Salaam | 10–20 | 157 | 8 | 0.58 (0.33–1.02) | 103 | 15.8 |
| Nepal, Sarlahi |
Rural villages in Sarlahi | > 20 | 150 | 81 | 1.40 (0.99–1.96) | 62 | 34.3 |
| Guinea Bissau |
Semi-urban setting in Bissau | < 10 | 160 | 22 | 0.87 (0.62–1.22) | 88 | 13.6 |
| Nepal, Janakpur |
Janakpur, urban and rural settings | > 20 | 151 | 45 | 1.21 (0.71–2.08) | 40 | 25.4 |
| United Republic of Tanzania, HIV− |
Urban, Dar es Salaam | < 10 | 157 | 8 | 0.88 (0.74–1.04) | 66 | 9.4 |
| Indonesia, Lombok |
Periurban and rural villages in Lombok island | 10–20 | 150 | 12 | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 38 | 10.5 |
| China |
Two poor rural north-western counties | < 10 | 159 | 6 | 1.38 (0.99–1.93) | 37 | 4.5 |
| Burkina Faso |
Two rural health centres in Hounde | 10–20 | 162 | 81 | 1.78 (0.95–3.32) | 21 | 15.6 |
| Pakistan |
Urban and rural Sindh | 10–20 | 153 | 79 | 1.35 (0.99–1.83) | 75 | 19.6 |
| Indonesia, Indramayu |
Two rural subdistricts in Indramayu | 10–20 | 151 | 10 | 0.78 (0.42–1.43) | 42 | 7 |
| Bangladesh |
A rural subdistrict in Matlab | > 20 | 150 | 31 | 1.02 (0.69–1.52) | 44 | 35.7 |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; RR, relative risk.
a Perinatal deaths per 1000 live births.