Effects of a conditional cash transfer programme on child nutrition in Brazil
Rômulo Paes-Sousa, Leonor Maria Pacheco Santos & Édina Shisue Miazaki
Volume 89, Number 7, July 2011, 496-503
Table 1. Social, demographic and health characteristics of children under 5 years of age included in exposed to Bolsa Família programme, Brazil, 2005–2006
| Characteristic | All children (n = 22 375) | Exposed (n = 9 152) | Not exposed (n = 13 223) | Difference in % points | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Male (%) | 48.7 | 48.4 | 49.0 | – | 0.385 |
| Female (%) | 51.3 | 51.6 | 51.0 | ||
| Age (months) | |||||
| 0–11 | 39.3 | 31.2 | 44.8 | +13.4 | < 0.000 |
| 12–35 | 33.2 | 33.5 | 33.1 | ||
| 36–59 | 27.5 | 35.3 | 22.1 | ||
| Possession of birth certificate | |||||
| Yes | 92.6 | 93.8 | 91.7 | −2.1 | < 0.000 |
| No | 7.4 | 6.2 | 8.3 | ||
| Birth weight (from Child Health Card) | |||||
| Normal (≥ 2.5 kg) | 92.8 | 93.0 | 92.7 | – | 0.554 |
| Low (< 2.5 kg) | 7.2 | 7.0 | 7.3 | – | |
| Nutritional deficit (below −2.00 SD) | |||||
| Height for age | 12.6 | 14.5 | 11.1 | −3.4 | < 0.000 |
| Weight for age | 4.7 | 5.5 | 4.0 | −1.5 | < 0.000 |
| Weight for height | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.0 | – | 0.295 |
| Possession of Child Health Card | |||||
| Yes, in hands | 97.5 | 97.7 | 97.4 | – | 0.227 |
| Yes, did not show | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.3 | – | |
| No | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | – | |
| Family head schooling | |||||
| No schooling | 15.9 | 20.4 | 12.8 | −7.6 | < 0.000 |
| 1–4 years | 37.5 | 45.0 | 32.3 | – | |
| 5–8 years | 26.1 | 23.3 | 28.0 | – | |
| ≥ 9 years | 20.6 | 11.3 | 26.9 | +15.6 | |
| Family head gender | |||||
| Male | 75.3 | 74.3 | 76.1 | +1.8 | 0.003 |
| Female | 24.7 | 25.7 | 23.9 | – | |
| House with electricity | |||||
| Yes | 89.6 | 87.9 | 90.7 | +2.8 | < 0.000 |
| No | 10.4 | 12.1 | 9.3 | – | |
| House with piped water | |||||
| Yes | 59.7 | 57.1 | 61.5 | +4.4 | < 0.000 |
| No | 40.3 | 42.9 | 38.5 | – |
SD, standard deviation.