Presumptive diagnosis of severe HIV infection to determine the need for antiretroviral therapy in children less than 18 months of age
Nicolas Grundmann, Peter Iliff, Jeff Stringer & Catherine Wilfert
Volume 89, Number 7, July 2011, 513-520
Table 1. Values used as inputs in modelling of algorithms for presumptively diagnosing severe disease associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in small children at different ages
| Variable | Infant age |
References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 weeks | 6 months | 12 months | ||
| Prevalence of HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants (%) | 11.8 | 14.5 | 18.4 | |
| Sensitivity of clinical algorithm for HIV status (%) | 19.8 | 48.4 | 67.7 | |
| Specificity of clinical algorithm for HIV status (%) | 94.0 | 84.4 | 90.4 | |
| Seroverted infants without HIV infection (%) | 1.5 | 50 | 94 | |
| Sensitivity of CD4 testing in clinically negativea infants (%) | 64.3 | 43.2 | 37.1 | |
| Specificity of CD4 testing in clinically negativea infants (%) | 99 | 99 | 99 | |
| Sensitivity of CD4 testing in clinically positiveb infants (%) | 81.8 | 78.9 | 65.1 | |
| Specificity of CD4 testing in clinically positiveb infants (%) | 99 | 99 | 99 | |
CD4, CD4+ T lymphocyte; CIDRZ, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia.
a Clinically negative infants are those who weigh more than the median weight for their age and who have one or fewer of the signs or symptoms included in the modified clinical criteria.
b Clinically positive infants are those who weigh less than the median weight for their age and who have two or more of the signs or symptoms included in the modified clinical criteria.