Antibiotics in severely malnourished children: systematic review of efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics
Marzia Lazzerini & David Tickell
Volume 89, Number 8, August 2011, 594-607
Table 1. Incidence of bacterial infections in children with severe acute malnutrition
| Year | Country | No. of children (% HIV+) | Grade of malnutrition | Bacteraemia (%) | LRTI (%) | UTI (%) | Isolated bacteria | Antibiotic resistance in vitroa |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMP-SMX | Clavul | Ampi | Genta | CAF | Ceph | Cipro | ||||||||
| 2006 | United Republic of Tanzania |
781 (19) | Severe | 3 | 17 | 8 | NR | |||||||
| 2006 | Kenya |
340 (9) | Severe | 5 | 7 | – | NR | |||||||
| 2006 | Uganda |
450 (36) | Severe | 17 | – | – | Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae | +++ | ++ | ++ | ||||
| 2006 | Uganda |
315 (39) | Severe | 18 | 68 | 26 | NR | |||||||
| 2006 | Uganda |
134 (44) | Severe | 22 | – | – | Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | |||
| 2005 | Kenya |
91 (43) | Severe | 29 | – | Coagulase-negative staphylococci | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||||
| 2002 | Nigeria |
194 (NR) | Severe | – | – | 11.3 | Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp | +++ | +++ | + | ++/+++ | |||
| 2001 | Congo |
Unclear | Severe | 13.2 | – | – | Enterobacteriaceae | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||||
| 2001 | Jamaica |
150 (NR) | Mod-severe | 10 | – | – | Coagulase-negative staphylococci | + | + | + | ||||
| 2000 | Malawi |
75 (25) | Severe | 9 | – | 17 | Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli | |||||||
| 2000 | Turkey |
103 (NR) | All | – | – | 31 | Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp | +++ | + | + | ||||
| 1996 | South Africa |
323 (NR) | Severe | 9.6 | – | – | Gram-negative enteric bacilli | |||||||
| 1995 | South Africa |
134 (NR) | Severe | – | – | 26 | Gram-negative enteric bacilli | |||||||
| 1994 | Gambia |
378b (NR) | All | – | 28 | – | Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus spp | |||||||
| 1992 | South Africa |
134 (NR) | NR | – | – | 26 | NR | |||||||
| 1992 | United Republic of Tanzania |
164 (NR) | Severe | Infections at admission: 92% In-hospital infections: 49% |
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli | |||||||||
Ampi, ampicillin; CAF, chloramphenicol; Ceph, cephalosporin (ceftriaxone; cefotaxime, ceftazidime); Cipro, ciprofloxacin; Clavul, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid; Genta, gentamicin; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; NR, not reported; spp, species; TMP-SMX, corimoxazole; UTI, urinary tract infection.
a + > 20%; ++ > 50%; +++ > 75%.
b Children with pneumonia.