Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Global cost of correcting vision impairment from uncorrected refractive error

TR Fricke, BA Holden, DA Wilson, G Schlenther, KS Naidoo, S Resnikoff & KD Frick

Volume 90, Number 10, October 2012, 728-738

Table 1. Data sources on existing refractive care practitioners, worldwide, 2006–2010

Country	Data source
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe	Human resources for eye care – Africa Region, International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness Africa Human Resource Day, 19 September 2006
Kenya, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia	Regional analysis of southern and eastern Africa, International Centre for Eyecare Education, 2008
Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone	West Africa refractive error workshop, Sightsavers International, January 2008
Algeria, Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan	Hasan Minto, World Conference of Optometric Education, Durban, 22–24 September 2010
Bhutan, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand	Mid-level ophthalmic personnel in South-East Asia, WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, May 2002
Australia	Horton, Kiely and Chakman, Clin Exp Optom 2006; Kiely, Horton and Chakman, Clin Exp Optom 2010; Kiely and Chakman, Clin Exp Optom 2011
Cook Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga	Ramke et al., Clin Exp Ophth 2007
Nepal	Prakash Paudel, personal communication, 10 February 2009
Indonesia	Cheni Lee, personal communication 2009
India	Delhi Declaration (2010) and Prakash Paudel and GN Rao, personal communication (2009)
Singapore	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optometry_in_Singapore (accessed 5 August 2009)
Cambodia, Vanuatu, Viet Nam	Suit May Ho, personal communications, 28 July 2009 and 6 November 2009
Afghanistan, Bangladesh	Fred Hollows Foundation situational analyses (2009)
China – Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China – Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Republic of Korea	Essilor Asia-Pacific ophthalmic survey (11 October 2004)
New Zealand	New Zealand Optometrists Association (http://www.nzao.co.nz/eye_health.html, accessed 5 August 2009)
China	Daniel Cui, personal communication (2009)
Malaysia	http://www.amoptom.org/ and http://www.fskb.ukm.my/, both accessed 6 November 2009
Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands	International Centre for Eyecare Education situational analyses (2009)
Nauru, Papua New Guinea	Jambi Garap, personal communication, 6 November 2009
Timor-Leste	International Centre for Eyecare Education training reports for Timor-Leste (2005)
Afghanistan	MSc theses summaries, Community Eye Health, 2007; 20(61):7–15
Serbia, Montenegro	Serbian Association of Opticians and Optometrists (http://www.uoosrbije.org/, accessed 6 November 2009)
Costa Rica	Ruggeiro and Gloyd, Optom Vis Sci, 1995
United States of America	United States Department of Labour (http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos073.htm, accessed 10 February 2009)
Canada	University of Waterloo, Canada (http://www.optometry.uwaterloo.ca/prospective/od/career.html, accessed 10 February 2009)
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela	International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness Latin America Regional Office (http://www.v2020la.org/orbisread/Indicators05.htm) plus Van Lansingh, personal communication (2010)
Argentina, Peru	Guillermo Carrillo (International Association of Contact Lens Educators Latin America coordinator) via Percy Lazon, personal communication (27 July 2009)
Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada	Nigel St Rose presentation, World Conference of Optometric Education meeting, Durban, 22–24 September 2010
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom	European Council of Optometry and Optics blue book 2008 (http://www.ecoo.info/) plus Cathleen Fedke and Fabian Conrad, personal communications (2009)
Islamic Republic of Iran	Aidin Safvati, personal communication, 6 July 2009
Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates	Ahmed Alharbi, personal communication, 18 November 2009
United Arab Emirates	AMEinfo online business information (http://www.ameinfo.com/, accessed 6 July 2009)
Syrian Arab Republic	Syrian Ophthalmological Society (http://www.sos-sy.com/index.php?id=37, accessed 6 July 2009) and Nina Tahhan, personal communication (2009)
Israel	Israeli Council of Optometrists (http://www.ico.org.il/, accessed 6 July 2009)
Russian Federation	Vadim Davydov (editor, Actual Optometry Journal), personal communication, 11 November 2009
Estonia	Vootele Tame (from Head of Optometry, Tallinn Health College), personal communication, 11 November 2009
Pakistan	Minto H, Awan H, Khan AA, Khan AQ, Yasmin S, Khan N. Situation analysis of refractive services in Pakistan, Academy for Ophthalmic Education (2007)