Monitoring antimalarial drug resistance in India via sentinel sites: outcomes and risk factors for treatment failure, 2009–2010
Neelima Mishra, Jai Prakash Narayan Singh, Bina Srivastava, Usha Arora, Naman K Shah, SK Ghosh, RM Bhatt, SK Sharma, MK Das, Ashwani Kumar, Anupkumar R Anvikar, Kamlesh Kaitholia, Ruchi Gupta, GS Sonal, AC Dhariwal & Neena Valecha
Volume 90, Number 12, December 2012, 895-904
Table 1. Characteristics of malaria patients enrolled in studies conducted under India’s National Antimalarial Drug Resistance Monitoring System, 2009–2010
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients infected |
|
|---|---|---|
| Plasmodium falciparum | Plasmodium vivax | |
| Area | ||
| Central | 829 (57.0) | 0 |
| Western | 391 (26.9) | 55 (26.2) |
| North-eastern | 234 (16.1) | 0 |
| Southern | 0 | 155 (73.8) |
| Season | ||
| Monsoon | 415 (28.5) | 115 (54.8) |
| Post-monsoon | 645 (44.4) | 95 (45.2) |
| Winter | 394 (27.1) | 0 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 835 (57.4) | 172 (81.9) |
| Female | 619 (42.6) | 38 (18.1) |
| Age (years) | ||
| < 1 | 2 (0.1) | 0 |
| 1–4 | 120 (8.3) | 2 (1.0) |
| 5–9 | 290 (19.9) | 14 (6.7) |
| 10–14 | 252 (17.3) | 18 (8.6) |
| 15–49 | 689 (47.4) | 154 (73.3) |
| ≥ 50 | 101 (7.0) | 22 (10.4) |
| Parasitaemia (asexual parasites/μl)a | ||
| < 1 000 | 14 (1.0) | 10 (4.8) |
| 1000–4999 | 548 (37.7) | 69 (32.9) |
| 5000–9999 | 251 (17.3) | 42 (20.0) |
| 10 000–49 999 | 526 (36.2) | 83 (39.5) |
| ≥ 50 000 | 115 (7.8) | 6 (2.8) |
| Febrile (≥ 37.5 °C) | ||
| No | 451 (31.0) | 63 (30.1) |
| Yes | 1003 (69.0) | 146 (69.9) |
| History of fever | ||
| No | 31 (2.1) | 4 (1.9) |
| Yes | 1423 (97.9) | 206 (98.1) |
| Previous antimalarial drug intakeb | ||
| No | 1428 (98.2) | 207 (98.6) |
| Yes | 9 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Unknown | 17 (1.2) | 3 (1.4) |
a At enrolment, before treatment.
b No data were available for 25 patients enrolled at one sentinel site.