Bulletin of the World Health Organization

Elimination of paediatric HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: large-scale assessment of interventions for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission

Christiane Horwood, Kerry Vermaak, Lisa Butler, Lyn Haskins, Sifiso Phakathi & Nigel Rollins

Volume 90, Number 3, March 2012, 168-175

Table 3. Association between mother-to-child transmission of HIV and antiretroviral regimens taken in pregnancy, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2008–2009 (n = 2858)

Regimen^a	Infants with anti-HIV antibodies^b			OR	95% CI	P
	No. tested by PCR	Found PCR-positive for HIV DNA
	No. tested by PCR	No.	%
No antiretroviral prophylaxis^c	68	11	16.2	–	–	–
Nevirapine alone	242	32	13.2	0.78	0.32–1.9	0.58
Zidovudine alone	63	2	3.2	0.17	0.04–0.78	0.02
Nevirapine and zidovudine	2089	118	5.7	0.30	0.14–0.66	0.003
Lifelong ART	396	20	5.1	0.27	0.11–0.68	0.006

ART, antiretroviral treatment; CI, confidence interval; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OR, odds ratio; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.

^a Mothers were allocated to regimen groups irrespective of the reported duration of each antiretroviral intervention.

^b The infants tested were aged 4–8 weeks.

^c Reference category.