Strategies for delivering insecticide-treated nets at scale for malaria control: a systematic review
Barbara A Willey, Lucy Smith Paintain, Lindsay Mangham, Josip Car & Joanna Armstrong Schellenberg
Volume 90, Number 9, September 2012, 672-684E
Table 1. Characteristics of strategies to deliver insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) at scale in areas with endemicity for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malariaa
| Implementation duration and implementer | User cost |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full subsidy (free) | Partial subsidy | At cost | |
| Continuous | |||
| Routine health services | |||
| Health facility | ITN to GP in 5 districts (Chipata, Lundazi, Chama, Chadiza, Petauka) of Zambia |
||
| Antenatal care and/or maternal and child health clinic | LLIN to PW in 1 district (Kossi) of Burkina Faso ITN to PW nationally in Eritrea ITN to PW in 35 districts of Kenya LLIN to PW and children < 5 in 2 districts (Adjumani and Jinja) of Uganda |
ITN to PW and children < 5 nationally in Kenya ITN or voucher to PW in 1 district (Lawra) of Ghana Voucher for ITN to PW in 1 region (Volta) of Ghanab, Voucher for ITN to PW and children < 5 nationally in the United Republic of Tanzaniab, Voucher for ITN to PW in 2 districts (Kilombero and Ulanga) in the United Republic of Tanzaniab, ITN to PW and children < 5 nationally in Malawi |
|
| Retail | ITN (via voucher) to PW in 1 district (Lawra) of Ghana ITN (via voucher) to PW in 1 region (Volta) of Ghana ITN (via voucher) to PW and children < 5 nationally in the United Republic of Tanzania |
||
| LLIN to GP in 1 district (Kossi) of Burkina Faso ITN to GP nationally in Kenya ITN to GP in 2 districts (Kilombero and Ulanga) of the United Republic of Tanzania |
|||
| Community |
ITN to GP nationally in Eritrea after 2003 |
ITN to GP nationally in Malawi after 2003 ITN to GP in 5 districts (Chipata, Lundazi, Chama, Chadiza, Petauka) of Zambia |
ITN to GP nationally in Eritrea before 2003 |
| Time-limited | |||
| Stand-alone campaign | LLIN to children < 5 in 2 districts (Micheweni and North A) in Zanzibar LLIN to PW and children < 5 in 2 districts (Adjumani and Jinja) of Uganda |
||
| Campaign integrated with public health campaign | |||
| Measles vaccination | ITN/LLIN to children < 5 in 1 district (Lawra) of Ghana LLIN to children < 5 in 4 districts (Kwale, Bondo, Greater Kisii, Makueni) of Kenya LLIN to children < 5 in 59 districts of Madagascar ITN to children < 5 in region (Lindi) of the United Republic of Tanzania ITN to children < 5 in 1 district (Rifiji) of the United Republic of Tanzania LLIN to children < 5 nationally in Togo LLIN to children < 5 in 4 rural districts (Chilubi, Kaputa, Mambwe, Nyimba) of Zambia Voucher for ITN to children < 5 in 1 urban district (Kalalushi) of Zambia |
||
| Polio vaccination | LLIN to children < 5 nationally in Niger |
||
| MDA for lymphatic filariasis | ITN to PW and children < 5 in 2 districts (Kanke, Akwanga) of Nigeria |
||
GP, general population; LLIN, long-lasting insecticidal nets; MDA, mass drug administration; PW, pregnant women.
a Studies may appear in more than one category if multiple strategies were used to deliver ITNs at scale or if strategies changed over time.
b Used voucher-based distribution of partially subsidised ITNs, in which vouchers were distributed in antenatal care clinics and exchanged for a partially subsidised ITN in retail outlets.