From caution to urgency: the evolution of HIV testing and counselling in Africa
R Baggaley, B Hensen, O Ajose, KL Grabbe, VJ Wong, A Schilsky, Y-R Lo, F Lule, R Granich & J Hargreaves
Volume 90, Number 9, September 2012, 652-658B
Table 1. Provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in African countries, 2003–2010
| Details of PITC policy | Countries |
|---|---|
| No. (%) | |
| Policy adopted | |
| Yes | 42 (79.2) |
| No | 10 (18.9) |
| No information | 1 (1.9) |
| Total | 53 (100) |
| Year policy adopteda | |
| 2003 or 2004 | 10 (25.6) |
| 2005 or 2006 | 17 (43.6) |
| 2007 or 2008 | 10 (25.6) |
| 2009 or 2010 | 2 (5.1) |
| Total | 39 (100) |
| Document detailing PITC policy | |
| National policy document | 35 (83.3) |
| National strategic plan (excluding national policy documents) | 7 (16.7) |
| Total | 42 (100) |
| Clinical services or settings in which PITC was offeredb | |
| Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics or PMTCT services | 42 (100) |
| All patients or all adults visiting a health-care facility | 31 (73.8) |
| Tuberculosis clinics or patients | 28 (66.7) |
| Sexually transmitted infection clinics or patients | 19 (45.2) |
| Family planning services | 6 (14.3) |
| Inpatients (adult or paediatric) | 4 (9.5) |
| Infants of HIV-positive mothers | 4 (9.5) |
| Most-at-risk populations (e.g. men who have sex with men, injecting drug users, female sex workers and commercial sex workers) | 3 (7.1) |
| Outpatient departments | 3 (7.1) |
| Therapeutic feeding centres or children with malnutrition | 2 (4.8) |
| Psychiatric services | 1 (2.4) |
| Male circumcision services | 1 (2.4) |
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PITC, provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission.
a The date the policy was adopted could not be determined for three countries.
b The total exceeds 100% as some countries adopted PITC for more than one target population.