Mortality among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bradley M Mathers, Louisa Degenhardt, Chiara Bucello, James Lemon, Lucas Wiessing & Mathew Hickman
Volume 91, Number 2, February 2013, 102-123
Table 3. Univariate associations between study-level variables and all-cause crude mortality rates (CMRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs)
| Characteristic | CMR |
SMR |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | t | P | n | t | P | ||
| Geographic region | 53 | −1.05 | 0.298 | 23 | 0.74 | 0.466 | |
| Country income | 67 | 3.03 | 0.004 | 33 | 0.65 | 0.519 | |
| Percentage of cohort who inject drugs | 60 | 1.49 | 0.141 | 26 | 2.04 | 0.052 | |
| Percentage of males | 57 | 3.40 | 0.001 | 31 | 0.29 | 0.771 | |
| Percentage of cohort HIV+ at baseline | 30 | 2.42 | 0.022 | 9 | 1.00 | 0.349 | |
| Presence of people using opioids (alone or with other drugs) in cohort | 67 | −0.07 | 0.945 | 33 | −1.28 | 0.209 | |
| Year in which follow-up ceased | 59 | 0.26 | 0.795 | 32 | −2.80 | 0.009 | |