Interventions and strategies to improve the use of antimicrobials in developing countries. Drug Management Program

WHO/CDS/CSR/DRS/2001/9

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Interventions and strategies to improve the use of antimicrobials in developing countries. Drug Management Program

Background 1. Introduction 2. Objectives 3. Methodology 3.1 Search strategy 3.2 Criteria for methodological adequacy 3.3 Measuring study effects and effect size 4. Results 4.1 Overview of results Table 1. Interventions across geographical areas and study settings Table 2. Distribution of studies by type of intervention and design Table 3a. Studies by identified categories and subcategories of intervention types Table 3b. Studies by identified categories and subcategories of intervention types Table 3c. Studies by identified categories and subcategories of intervention types Table 4. Distribution of studies by targeted health care providers, health problems, and practices Table 5. Percentage magnitude of improvement by type of intervention concentrating on the following outcomes: use of antimicrobials, dose of antimicrobials, under-5 mortality rate 4.2 Analysis of results 4.2.1 Types of interventions tested 4.2.2 Targets of interventions: health care providers, health problems, and practices 4.2.3 Outcomes measured 4.2.4 Impacts of interventions 4.3 Evaluating the effectiveness of intervention strategies 4.3.1 Educational interventions 4.3.2 Combined managerial and educational approaches 4.3.3 Managerial approaches 4.3.4 Economic interventions 5. Discussion 5.1 Effectiveness of different types of interventions 5.2 Neglected issues 5.2.1 Settings 5.2.2 Conditions 5.2.3 Cost-effectiveness 5.3 Limitations of this review 6. Conclusion Appendix 1. Characteristics of intervention studies Bibliography