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Sources used for the development of the guidelines
for implementation of Article 11 of WHO FCTC

Reference material

In accordance with decision FCTC/COP3(10), the Convention Secretariat makes available the studies, research and other reference material used in the development of the guidelines for implementation of Article 11 (Packaging and labelling of tobacco products) of the Convention.

• 1. Hammond D, Fong GT, McNeil A, Borland R and Cummings KM. 2006.
  pdf, 433kb
  Effectiveness of cigarette warning labels in informing smokers about the risks of smoking: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Study. Tobacco Control. 2006; 15 19-25.
• 2. Hammond D, Fong GT, Borland R, Cummings M, McNeil A, Driezen P. 2007.
  pdf, 2.54Mb
  Text and graphic warnings on cigarette packages: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Study. American Journal of Preventative Medicine. March 2007; 32 (3) 210-217.
• 3. WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation, 2007
  pdf, 1.41Mb
  The Scientific Basis of Tobacco Product Regulation. Report of a WHO Study Group. (WHO Technical Report Series 945) World Health Organization, Geneva.
• 4. WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation, 2004.
  pdf, 273kb
  Recommendation 1: Guiding principles for the development of tobacco product research and testing capacity and proposed protocols for the initiation of tobacco product testing. WHO Geneva.
• 5. Kozlowski LT & O’Connor RJ. 2002.
  pdf, 334kb
  Cigarette filter ventilation is a defective design because of misleading taste, bigger puffs and blocked vents. Tobacco Control, 2002; 11 40-50.
• 6. WHO Scientific Advisory Committee on Tobacco Product Regulation. 2002.
  pdf, 22kb
  Conclusions and recommendation on health claims derived from ISO/FTC method to measure cigarette Yield. World Health Organization, Geneva.
• 7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2004
  The health consequences of smoking: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
• 8. Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. 2001.
  pdf, 236kb
  Research report: Evaluation of the Health Warnings and Explanatory Messages on Tobacco Products. Canberra, Australia.
• 9. Wogalter MS, Conzola VC, Smith-Jackson TL, 2002.
  pdf, 195kb
  Research based guidelines for warning design and evaluation. Applied Economics. 2002, Vol 33, No 3, 219-230.
• 10. Devlin E, Anderson S, Hastings G and MacFadyen L. 2005.
  pdf, 73kb
  Targeting smokers via tobacco product labelling: opportunities and challenges for Pan European health promotion. Health promotion International. Vol 20, No 1, 41-49.
• 11. Hammond D, Fong G, McDonald PW, Brown SK and Cameron R. 2004.
  pdf, 900kb
  Graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels and adverse outcomes: Evidence from Canadian smokers. American Journal of Public Health. August 2004. Vol 94, No 8, 1442-1445.
• 12. Hammond D, Fong G, McDonald PW, Brown SK and Cameron R. 2006.
  pdf, 82kb
  Showing leads to doing: graphic cigarette warning labels are an effective public health policy. European Journal of Public Health, Letters to the Editor. Vol 16, No 2, 223-224.
• 13. O’Hegarty M, Pederson LL, Nelson DE, Mowery P, Gable JM, Wortley P. 2006.
  pdf, 326kb
  Reactions of young adult smokers to warning labels on cigarette package. American Journal of Preventative Medicine 2006; 30 (6) 467-473.
• 14. Hammond D, Fong G, McDonald PW, Cameron R and Brown SK, 2003.
  pdf, 333kb
  Impact of the graphic Canadian warning labels on adult smoking behaviour. Tobacco Control. 2003; 12 391-395.
• 15. Goldberg M, Liefeld J, Madill J & Vredenburg H, 1999.
  pdf, 729kb
  The effect of plain packaging on response to health warnings. American Journal of Public Health. September 1999. Vol 89, No 9, 1434-1435.
• 16. Strahan EJ, White K, Fong GT, Fabrigar LR, Zanna MP and Cameron R. 2002.
  pdf, 443kb
  Enhancing the effectiveness of tobacco package warning labels: a social psychological perspective. Tobacco Control 2002; 11 183-190.
• 17. Peters E, Romer D, Slovic P, Hall Jamieson K, Wharfield L, Merts CK and Carpenter SM. 2007.
  pdf, 304kb
  The impact and acceptablility of Canadian-style cigarette warning labels among US smokers and nonsmokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. April 2007. Vol 9, No 4, 473-481.
• 18.Kees J, Burton S, Andrews C and Kozup J, 2006.
  pdf, 262kb
  Tests of Graphic Visuals and Cigarette Package Warning Combinations: Implications for the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing. Vol 25, No 2, 212-223.
• 19. The Hon Christopher Pyne MP, Assistant Minister for Health and Ageing, Media Release 1 March 2007.
  pdf, 100kb
  Look, see, quit: new images to shock smokers. CP 16/07.
• 20. Willemsen MC, Simons C and Zeeman G. 2002.
  pdf, 165kb
  Impact of the new EU health warnings on the Dutch quit line. Letter in Tobacco Control. 2002; 11 381-382.
• 21. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing Care, 2002.
  pdf, 485kb
  Developmental Research for New Australian Health Warnings on Tobacco Products Stage 1. Canberra. Australia.
• 22. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing, 2003.
  pdf, 234kb
  Developmental Research for New Australian Health Warnings on Tobacco Products Stage 2. Canberra. Australia.
• 22. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing, 2003.
  pdf, 1.32Mb
  Appendix to "Developmental Research for New Australian Health Warnings on Tobacco Products Stage 2. Canberra. Australia"

Examples of legislation/regulations, examples of health warnings

• Health Canada

Resource documents to assist with developing tobacco regulation

• Tobacco control legislation: an introductory guide. Second edition. D. Douglas Blanke and Vera da Costa e Silva (Editors). Geneva, World Health Organisation, 2004.
• WHO Tobacco Free Initiative. Building blocks for tobacco control: a handbook. 2004
• Nathan R. 2004. Model legislation for tobacco control: A policy development and legislative drafting manual. International Union for Health Promotion and Education, France.
• Pan American Health Organization. Developing legislation for tobacco control: template and guidelines. Washington, DC, PAHO, 2002

Documents and websites that provide more information on warnings and labels

• Packaging and Labelling - Pan American Health Organization.
• Jategaonkar, N. (Ed.) Civil Society Monitoring of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: 2007 status report of the Framework Convention Alliance. Geneva: Framework Convention Alliance, 2007.
• Physicians for a Smoke-free Canada
• U.S Tobacco free centre (part of Campaign for Tobacco-free kids) Summary on tobacco warning labels.