Health statistics and health information systems

Standards and tools

Data quality and analysis

Data quality assessment

Data Quality Report Card

Health facility data are a critical input into assessing national progress and performance on an annual basis and they provide the basis for subnational / district performance assessment. WHO proposes the Health Facility Data Quality Report Card (DQRC), a methodology that examines several dimensions of data quality through a desk review of available data and a data verification survey. The aim of the DQRC is to ensure systematic assessment of completeness and internal and external consistency of the reported data and intervention coverage rates and to identify any data quality problems that need to be addressed. The DQRC examines the quality of data generated by a health facility-based information system for four core tracer indicators: antenatal care first visit (ANC1), health facility deliveries, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus third dose (DTP3) and outpatient department (OPD) visits. Through analysis of these four standard indicators, the tool quantifies problems of data completeness, accuracy and external consistency and thus provides valuable information on “fit-for-purpose” of health facility data to support planning and annual monitoring. The desk review component of the DQRC can be done using the WHO Data Quality Assessment (DQA) Tool, an Excel-based tool. The data verification component is an assessment of reporting ‘correctness’ that compares health facility records such as registers to HIS reported data. It is recommended to conduct the data verification component with the annual health facility survey (Service Availability Readiness Assessment (SARA)) on a nationally representative sample of health facilities.

  • Data Quality Assurance
    Methods for assessing M&E plans and systems that collect and report data for program management and reporting.

Data analysis

  • Child Mortality Estimates (CME)
    CME Info is a database containing the latest child mortality estimates based on the research of the Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation.
  • Health Disparities Calculator (HDCalc)
    HDCalc is statistical software designed to generate multiple summary measures to evaluate and monitor health disparities.
  • HIV Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)
    EPP is used to estimate and project adult HIV prevalence and incidence from surveillance data.
  • Spectrum Policy Modeling System
    The Spectrum suite of tools is a software that models future projections on a variety of policy issues such as family planning, HIV/AIDS, and maternal/child health using country-specific information (current and historical) and international expert groups estimations.
  • The Lives Saved Tool (LiST)
    An evidence-based tool for estimating intervention impact.
  • The National Burden of Disease (NBD) Toolkit
    The NBD toolkit contains a set of spreadsheet templates for carrying out Years Lost due to Disability (YLD), Years of Life Lost (YLL), Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) and Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) calculations. The NBD toolkit is currently in beta test mode and is being made available to selected research groups in Member States for experimental use.
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