Water, ecosystems and health – the global view

Link
Aertgeerts R, Angelakis A, eds. Health risks in aquifer recharge using reclaimed water: state of the art report. Geneva, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, 2003 (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.08). http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_SDE_WSH_03.08.pdf

Link
Clark R, Gundry S. The prominence of health in donor policy for water supply and sanitation – a review. Journal of Water and Health, 2002, 2(3):157–169. http://www.iwaponline.com/jwh/002/jwh0020157.htm [abstract only]

Link
Emerging issues in water and infectious disease. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/emerging/en/emerging.pdf

Link
Forget G, Sanchez-Bain WA. Managing the ecosystem to improve human health: integrated approaches to safe drinking water. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1999, 5(1):38–50 [abstract only]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10092746

Link
Freshwater thematic portal. United Nations Environment Network. Publications and conference proceedings on a wide range of water issues, including water scarcity, water quality, water and ecosystems, and urban water resources, as well as policies and best practice strategies. http://freshwater.unep.net/

Link
From source to tap – the multi-barrier approach to safe drinking water. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Health Canada, 2002
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hecs-sesc/water/publications/source_to_tap/source_to_tap3_intro.htm

Link
GEO - Global environment outlook 3, Chapter 2: freshwater. Nairobi, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2002.
http://www.grida.no/geo/geo3/english/265.htm

Link
GEO Yearbook 2003. Feature focus: freshwater: meeting our goals, sustaining our future. Nairobi, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2003.
http://www.unep.org/geo/yearbook/Englishpdf/35-54%20Feature%20Focus.pdf

Link
Global water supply and sanitation assessment report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2000.
http://www.who.int/docstore/water_sanitation_health/Globassessment/GlobalTOC.htm

Link
Howard G, Bartram J. Domestic water quantity, service level and health. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003 (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.02). http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_SDE_WSH_03.02.pdf

Link
Lebel J. In Focus: HEALTH. An ecosystem approach. Ottawa, International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Publishing, 2003. http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-29393-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Link
Meinzen-Dick RS, Rosegrant MW, eds. Overcoming water scarcity and quality constraints. (Focus 9, Brief 1 of 14) Washington DC, International Food Policy Research Institute, 2001.
http://www.ifpri.org/2020/focus/focus09/focus09.pdf

Link
Peasey A. Health aspects of dry sanitation with waste reuse. London, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Leicestershire Water, Engineering and Development Centre, Loughbourgh University, 2000. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/well-studies/full-reports-pdf/task0324.pdf

Link
Prüss-Üstün A, Kay D, Fewtrell L and Bartram J. Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. In: Ezzati M, Lopez A, Roders A et al. Comparative Quantification of Health Risks, Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors, Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.
http://www.who.int/publications/cra/chapters/volume2/1321-1352.pdf

Link
Vital water graphics: an overview of the state of the world's fresh and marine waters. Nairobi, United Nations Environment Programme, 2002.
http://www.unep.org/vitalwater/

Link
Water for health: taking charge. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2001 (WHO/WSH/WWD/01.1).
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2001/WHO_WSH_WWD_01.1.pdf

Link
Water for people, water for life: the United Nations world water development report. A joint report by the twenty-three UN agencies concerned with freshwater/World Water Assessment Programme. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization and Berghahn Books, 2003.
http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/index.shtml

Link
Water, Sanitation and Health publications catalogue. Geneva, World Health Organization. (Includes publications on water quality guidelines and standards) The catalogue can be accessed at:
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/en/Watercatalogue2004.pdf

Link
Winblad U ed. First international conference on ecological sanitation. Nanning, China, 5-8 November 2001: official conference report. 2002. http://www2.gtz.de/ecosan/download/Nanning2001-officialconferencereport.pdf

Case-studies: managing water resources for health

This section provides a select number of case-studies in innovative policies and practices.

Link
Howard G, Mutabazi R, Nalubega M. Rehabilitation of protected springs in Kampala Uganda. Paper presented at the 26th Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) Conference, Bangladesh, 2000.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/wedc/papers/26/A%20-%20Water%20Resources/howard.pdf

Link
Hidden links: irrigation, malaria, and gender. Ottawa, International Development and Research Centre, 2002.
http://web.idrc.ca/ev_en.php?ID=11995&ID2=DO_TOPIC

Link
Irrigation water as a safe source of drinking water: a case study from Pakistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka, International Water Management Institute.
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/resarchive/drinking.htm
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/health/domestic/index.htm

Link
Sawyer R. Sanitation as if it really matters: taking toilets out of the (water) closet and into the loop. Morelos, Mexico, Sarar Transformación SC, 2003. http://www2.gtz.de/ecosan/download/Saywer-Toiletsoutofcloset.pdf

Link
Ross-Jordan, J. Unaccounted-for-water management in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. Paper presented at the 29th Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) Conference, Nigeria, 2003.
http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/conferences/pdfs/29/Ross-Jordan.pdf

Link
Lockwood H, Morales GM, Altamirano JO. Nicaragua: rural water supply, sanitation, and environmental health program. Washington, DC, United States Agency for International Development, 2001 (Activity Report 106).
http://www.ehproject.org/PDF/Activity_Reports/AR106NI.pdf

Link
Scott C, Faruqui NI, Raschid L, eds. Wastewater use in irrigated agriculture: confronting the livelihood and environmental realities. CABI Publishing, 2004.
http://web.idrc.ca/en/ev-31595-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Link
Scott CA, Zarazúa JA, Levine G. Urban-wastewater reuse for crop production in the water-short Guanajuato River Basin, Mexico. Colombo, Sri Lanka. International Water Management Institute, 2000 (Research Report 41).
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/pubs/PUB041/RR041.htm

Link
Sutton S. Low cost improvements to rural water sources can make a big difference. (protecting drinking water quality in traditional sources) International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), 2002
http://www.irc.nl/page/2396

Link
Vajpai B, Vajpai KN. Water resource management: an integrated approach. Paper presented at the 28th Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) Conference, India, 2002.
http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/conferences/pdfs/28/Vajpai.pdf

Link
Van der Hoek W et al. Irrigation water as a source of drinking water: is safe use possible? Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2001. 6(1):46–54.
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00671.x/full/

Link
Van Der Lee J, Phonethipasa B, Sakai P. Water – a key to primary health care. Paper presented at the 25th Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) Conference, Ethiopia, 1999.
http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/conferences/pdfs/25/242.pdf

Economic impacts and economic evaluation

Link
Emerton L, Bos E. Value. Counting ecosystems as an economic part of water. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), 2004.
http://www.iucn.org/themes/wani/pub/VALUE.pdf

Link
Esrey SA et al. Closing the loop: ecological sanitation for food security. United Nations Development Programme and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 2000. http://www.undp.org/water/docs/closing_the_loop.pdf

Link
Hutton G, Haller L. Evaluation of the costs and benefits of water and sanitation improvements at the global level. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004 (WHO/SDE/WSH/04.04).
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2004/WHO_SDE_WSH_04.04.pdf

Link
Pauw J. The politics of underdevelopment: metered to death – how a water experiment caused riots and a cholera epidemic. International Journal of Health Services, 2003, 33(4):819–830 [abstract only].
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14758861

Link
Rope pumps – cost effective water pumps. Web site supported by "Kerkinactie” and the PRACTICA Foundation, Delft, The Netherlands.
http://www.ropepumps.org/

Link
Sonou M. Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1999.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7314e/w7314e0v.htm

Link
Van Wijk et al. Economic and gender benefits from domestic water supply. Paper presented at the 27th Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) Conference, Zambia, 2001.
http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/conferences/pdfs/27/VanWijk.pdf

Link
Van der Hoek W et al. Urban wastewater: a valuable resource for agriculture. A case study from Haroonabad, Pakistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka. International Water Management Institute, 2002 (Research Report 63).
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/pubs/pub063/Report63.pdf

Link
Water economics. The World Bank, Development Topics, Agriculture and Rural Development, Water Resources Management.
http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/ESSD/ardext.nsf/18ByDocName/SectorsandThemesWaterEconomics

Guidance

Please see also the World Health Organization Water, Sanitation and Health publications catalogue, which contains listings of many additional resources, in electronic and print format, on multiple water issues including water quality guidelines, standards, operation and maintenance, participation, and more. The catalogue can be accessed at:

Information products Water, Sanitation and Health [pdf 4.17Mb]

Link
Bakir H. Guiding principles and options for extension of wastewater management services to small communities in EMR [Eastern Mediterranean Region] countries. Amman, Jordan, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, 2001.
http://www.emro.who.int/ceha/pdf/online_doc/Guiding%20Principles.pdf

Link
Birley M. Guidelines for forescasting the vector-borne disease implications of water resources development, PEEM Guideline Series 2. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1991 (WHO/CWS/91.3).
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1991/WHO_CWS_91.3_(part1).pdf,
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1991/WHO_CWS_91.3_(part2).pdf

Link
DFID guidance manual on water supply and sanitation programmes. Leicestershire, Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC), Loughborough University, 1998.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/Publications/guidance-manual/guidance-manual.htm

Link
Franceys R, Pickford J, Reed R. A guide to the development of on-site sanitation. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/envsan/onsitesan/en/

Link
Howard G. Healthy villages: a guide for communities and community health workers. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002.
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2002/9241545534.pdf

Link
Managing irrigation water for drinking & domestic use. Colombo, Sri Lanka, International Water Management Institute.
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/health/domestic/index.htm

Link
Pollution management. Washington, DC, The World Bank, Development Topic, Environment.
http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/ESSD/envext.nsf/51ByDocName/PollutionManagement

Link
Pump aid. Guidance, training and support for community-based installation of very inexpensive water pumps made from locally-available materials and easy to maintain. UK-based agency in partnership with development agencies and other NGOs.
http://www.pumpaid.org

Link
Reuse of wastewater for agriculture. Colombo, Sri Lanka, International Water Management Institute.
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/health/wastew/index.htm

Link
Rope pumps – cost effective water pumps. Web site supported by "Kerkinactie” and the PRACTICA Foundation, Delft, The Netherlands.
http://www.ropepumps.org/

Link
Rural water supply and sanitation toolkit for multi-sector projects. Washington, DC, The World Bank, Water Supply and Sanitation.
http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/water/rwsstoolkit/index.htm

Link
Schönning C, Stenström TA. Guidelines on the safe use of urine and faeces in ecological sanitation systems. EcoSanRes Programme, 2004.
http://www.ecosanres.org/PDF%20files/ESR%20Publications%202004/ESR1web.pdf

Link
Smart water solutions: examples of innovative, low-cost technologies for wells, pumps, storage, irrigation and water treatment. Netherlands Water Partnership, 2004.
http://www.practicafoundation.nl/smartwater/

Link
Simpson-Hébert M, Wood S, eds. Sanitation promotion. Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council, Working Group on Promotion of Sanitation. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1998 (WHO/EOS/98.5).
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHO_EOS_98.5_pp1-140.pdf;
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHO_EOS_98.5_pp141-277.pdf

Link
The source water protection primer. Ottawa, Pollution Probe, 2004.
http://www.pollutionprobe.org/Reports/swpprimer.pdf

Link
Sobsey MD. Managing water in the home: accelerated health gains from improved water supply. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002 (WHO/SDE/WSH/02.07).
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/WHO_SDE_WSH_02.07.pdf

Link
Tools for assessing the O&M [operation and maintenance] status of water supply and sanitation in developing countries. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2000 (WHO/SDE/WSH/00.3).
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_SDE_WSH_00.3.pdf

Link
Tiffen M. Guidelines for the incorporation of health safeguards into irrigation projects through intersectoral cooperation with special reference to the vector-borne diseases, PEEM Guideline Series 1. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1991 (WHO/CWS/91.2).
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1991/WHO_CWS_91.2.pdf

Link
Water and environmental impact assessment. IUCN ELC March 2003: 3rdWorld Water Forum, Kyoto Japan. Gland, Switzerland, The World Conservation Union (IUCN) (Water Law Series Issue 10)
http://www.iucn.org/themes/law/pdfdocuments/WaterLawSeries-Issue_10.pdf

Link
Winblad U et al. Ecological sanitation. Guidance on specific technologies, standards, system design and construction. Stockholm, Stockholm Environment Institute, EcoSanRes Programme, 2004.
http://www.ecosanres.org/PDF%20files/Ecological%20Sanitation%202004.pdf

Link
Water, sanitation and health: guidelines on water, sanitation and hygiene. Geneva, World Health Organization.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/norms/en/

Training/capacity building

Link
Brikké F. Operation and maintenance of rural water supply and sanitation systems: a training package for managers and planners. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2000 (WHO/SDE/WSH/00.2).
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_SDE_WSH_00.2_p1-124.pdf;
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_SDE_WSH_00.2_p125-292.pdf

Link
Cap-Net. Capacity building for integrated water resources management. Sponsored by the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-Institute for Water Education (IHE), the Global Water Partnership, and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
http://www.cap-net.org/

Link
Health in water resources development. Resources for impact assessment, intersectoral collaboration and environmental management. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO), Protection of the Human Environment, Water Sanitation and Health (WSH).
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resources/en/

Link
Improving municipal wastewater management in coastal cities: a training manual for practitioners. The Hague, Train-Sea-Coast GPA, a joint United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-Institute for Water Education (IHE)/United Nations Environment Programme/GPA Training Unit, 2004
http://www.gpa.unep.org/training/documents/Training_Manual_Wastewater.pdf

Link
International Waters Learning Exchange and Resource Network (IW: LEARN). Building an Internet-based "global knowledge community" to protect, restore and sustain the world's water resources. Sponsored by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and its United Nations and World Bank partners.
http://www.iwlearn.org/

Link
UNESCO-Institute for Water Education. UNESCO-IHE’s mission is to contribute to the education and training of professionals and to build the capacity of sector organizations, knowledge centres and other institutions active in the fields of water, the environment and infrastructure, in developing countries and countries in transition. Delft, The Netherlands, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
http://www.unesco-ihe.org/vmp/articles/contentsHomePage.html

Link
Water Resources, Development and Management Service. Training and capacity building. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/training.stm

Link
Water sanitation and health training materials.Geneva, World Health Organization.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/training/en/

Advocacy and community participation

Link
(The) ecosystem approach to water management. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN: The World Conservation Union, Water & Nature Initiative
http://www.waterandnature.org/pub/EcoMan.pdf

Link
Issue brief series: water and sanitation. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO), Healthy Environments for Children Alliance.
http://www.who.int/heca/infomaterials/en/water_sanitation.pdf

Link
Kolesar R et al. Combining hygiene behavior change with water and sanitation: monitoring progress in Hato Mayor, Dominican Republic. Part II. Washington, DC, United States Agency for International Development, 2004 (Activity Report 137).
http://www.ehproject.org/PDF/Activity_Reports/AR-137%20DR%20Hato%20Mayor%20Part%20II.pdf

Link
Krieger L et al. The GESCOME difference: lessons learned from Gestion Communautaire de Santé Environnementale (GESCOME). The Environmental Health Project II. CESH Benin Activity. Washington, DC, United States Agency for International Development, 2002 (Strategic Report 5).
http://www.ehproject.org/PDF/Strategic_papers/SR-5.pdf

Link
MacDougall J, McGahey C. Urban environmental health strategies: three community-based environmental sanitation and hygiene projects conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Washington, DC, United States Agency for International Development, 2003 (Activity Report 119).
http://www.phishare.org/files/921_AR-119%20%20DRCongoReportFormatted.pdf

Link
Makhweyane M, Dau S. Environmental health promotion takes priority in Mpumalanga. Paper presented at the 27th Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) Conference, Zambia, 2001.
http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/conferences/pdfs/27/Makhweyane.pdf

Link
Mukherjee N, van Wijk C eds. Sustainability planning and monitoring in community water supply and sanitation; a guide on the methodology for participatory assessment (MPA) for community-driven development programs. Washington DC, The World Bank, 2002 http://www2.gtz.de/ecosan/download/WSP-sustainability-planning-monitoring.pdf

Link
Ockelford J, Reed B. Participatory planning for integrated rural water supply and sanitation programmes. Leicestershire,UK, Loughborough University, Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC), 2002.
http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/publications/pdfs/ppirws/participatory-planning.pdf

Link
PHAST initiative (The): participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation: a new approach to working with communities. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1996 (WHO/EOS/96.11).
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1996/WHO_EOS_96.11.pdf

Link
PHAST [participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation] step-by-step guide: a participatory approach for the control of diarrhoeal disease. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1998 (WHO/EOS/98.3).
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/envsan/phastep/en/

Link
Pump aid. Guidance, training and support for community-based installation of very inexpensive water pumps made from locally-available materials and easy to maintain. UK-based agency in partnership with development agencies and other NGOs.
http://www.pumpaid.org

Link
Wardam BM. Rural women securing household water through installation of water cisterns. The Gender and Water Alliance: an associated Programme of the Global Water Partnership (GWP) funded by the governments of the Netherlands and United Kingdom. Delft, The Netherlands.
http://www.genderandwateralliance.org/english/casestudies.asp

Link
What's left to eat. Ecohealth, environmental change and our health. Science-based information for students and teachers on environment and health issues. University of Wisconsin, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization.
http://www.ecohealth101.org/whats_left/index.html

Surveillance and monitoring of indicators and trends

Link
Dillingham R, Guerrant RL. Childhood stunting: measuring and stemming the staggering costs of inadequate water and sanitation. The Lancet, 2004, 363(9403):94–95. www.sciencedirect.com

Link
Eco-Hydrological Databases. Databases on the quantification of hydrological functions of inland wetlands and environmental flow assessment for aquatic ecosystems. Colombo, Sri Lanka, International Water Management Institute.
http://www.lk.iwmi.org/ehdb/wetland/index.asp

Link
GEO Data Portal. Global portal to authoritative environmental information and data on freshwater resources. United Nations Environment Network.
http://geodata.grid.unep.ch/

Link
Global Environment Monitoring System, GEMS/Water. Develops and maintains a global freshwater quality information system with a series of national and international partners, hosted at Canada's National Water Research Institute. Burlington, Ontario, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
http://www.gemswater.org/

Link
Global International Waters Assessments. GIWA is a water programme led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) with funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), the Finnish Department for International Development Cooperation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Its objective is to produce a comprehensive and integrated global assessment of international waters. Its headquarters are in Kalmar, Sweden.
http://www.giwa.net/

Link
Havelaar AH, Melse JM. Quantifying public health risk in WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. Bilthoven, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 2003 (RIVM report 734301022).
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/rivmrep.pdf

Link
Joint Monitoring Programme for water supply and sanitation (JMP). World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund. Data on the state of water supply and sanitation at global, regional and country scales; tables, graphs and maps. http://www.wssinfo.org/en/welcome.html

Link
Meeting the MDG [Millennium Development Goals] drinking water and sanitation target: a mid-term assessment of progress. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241562781.pdf

Link
Prüss A et al. Estimating the burden of disease from water, sanitation, and hygiene at a global level. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2002, 110(5):537-542. http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/global/en/ArticleEHP052002.pdf

Link
Ramsar Sites Database Service. The Netherlands, Wetlands International.
http://www.wetlands.org/RSDB/Default.htm

Link
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Unit. Includes all spatial data-related activities of IWMI at its headquarters in Sri Lanka and regional offices located in different parts of the world. Colombo, Sri Lanka, International Water Management Institute.
http://www.iwmidsp.org/iwmi/info/main.asp

Link
Water resources and freshwater ecosystems. Data bases/tables/country profiles/maps. In: Earthtrends, the environmental information portal. World Resources Institute/The World Bank/UNEP/Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs/SIDA/UNDP/USAID.
http://earthtrends.wri.org/

Link
Water supply and sanitation monitoring. Geneva, World Health Organization, Protection of the Human Environment, Water Sanitation and Health (WSH)
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/monitoring/en/

Link
World health report 2004 – changing history. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/whr/2004/924156265X.pdf

Link
World Health Organization Water, Sanitation and Health publications catalogue (includes publications on water quality guidelines and standards) The catalogue can be accessed at:
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/en/Watercatalogue2004.pdf

Related health and environment conventions, legal agreements and strategic policies

Link
Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (ECE Water Convention). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.
http://www.unece.org/env/water/pdf/watercon.pdf

Link
ECOLEX- a gateway to environmental law. A searchable database of environmental law and treaties. Sponsored by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Conservation Union (IUCN).
http://www.ecolex.org/ecolex/index.php

Link
International treaties, conventions, resolutions, recommendations & water laws. Web site providing links to international water laws. Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) Koblenz, Germany.
http://grdc.bafg.de/servlet/is/1411/

Link
International water law project. Supported by the Texas Tech University School of Law, USA
http://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/

Link
International waters. Links to international waters agreements: global, regional and water-body specific. Sponsored by Wikipedia, a free, volunteer-run, open-content encyclopedia.
http://international-waters.wikiverse.org/

Link
Marine environment. Yearbook of international cooperation on environment and development. Information on international agreements on the marine environment. Sponsored by the Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway.
http://www.greenyearbook.org/agree/mar-env/mare-ind.htm

Link
Protocol on Water and Health. Geneva, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.
http://www.unece.org/env/water/text/text_protocol.htm

Link
(The) Protocol on Water and Health. What it is, why it matters. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004.
http://www.euro.who.int/document/wsn/watprot/index.html or
http://www.unece.org/env/water/documents/brochure_water_convention.pdf

Link
(The) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. An intergovernmental treaty providing the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands. Gland, Switzerland.
http://www.ramsar.org/

Link
(The) right to water. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/en/rtwrev.pdf

Link
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Bonn, Germany.
http://www.unccd.int/cop/cop6/menu.php

Link
United Nations Resolution 58/217. International Decade for Action, “Water for Life”, 2005–2015.
http://www.unesco.org/water/water_celebrations/decades/water_for_life.pdf

Link
Vision 21. Water for people. Geneva, Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council.
http://www.wsscc.org/dataweb.cfm?edit_id=45&CFID=670245&CFTOKEN=2537249

Link
Water and wetlands. Gland, Switzerland, The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Environmental Law Programme.
http://www.iucn.org/themes/law/dev03.html

Link
Water governance. New York, United Nations Development Programme.
http://www.undp.org/water/watergovernance.html

Link
Water policy and strategy. Nairobi, Kenya, United Nations Environment Programme.
http://www.unep.org/dpdl/water/

Link
World Water Forums. Marseille, France, World Water Council.
http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/forum.shtml

United Nations Environment Programme, World Health Organization, and other United Nations agency links

Link
Community Water Supply and Sanitation. Amman, Jordan, World Health Organization Regional Centre for Environmental Health Activities (CEHA). Includes many publications in Arabic.
http://www.emro.who.int/ceha/index.asp

Link
FreshCo Partnership. A partnership linking Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). Promoting more efficient methods for management of fresh, coastal and marine water resources, including protection of the productivity and biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. Sponsored by UCC-Water, the UNEP collaborating centre of expertise on water and environment, Hørsholm, Denmark.,
http://www.ucc-water.org/Freshco/

Link
Freshwater. Nairobi, Kenya, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
http://www.unep.org/themes/freshwater/

Link
Freshwater thematic portal. United Nations Environment Network; publications and conference proceedings on a wide range of water issues, including water scarcity, water quality, water and ecosystems, and urban water resources, as well as policies and best practice strategies. United Nations Environment Programme.
http://freshwater.unep.net/

Link
Global Environment Facility. GEF helps developing countries to address global environmental issues while supporting national sustainable development initiatives. It focuses on projects related to biodiversity, climate change, international waters, land degradation, the ozone layer and persistent organic pollutants. Its main partners are the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Bank. Washington, DC, Global Environment Facility Secretariat.
http://www.gefweb.org/

Link
Global programme of action for the protection of the marine environment from land-based activities. The Hague, The Netherlands, United Nations Environment Programme.
http://www.gpa.unep.org/

Link
Health in water resources development. Geneva, World Health Organization, Protection of the Human Environment, Water Sanitation and Health (WSH)
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resources/en/

Link
Healthy settings. Geneva, World Health Organization, Protection of the Human Environment, Water Sanitation and Health (WSH).
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/settings/en/

Link
Household water treatment and safe storage. International Network to Promote Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage. A global collaborative promoting the use of improved point-of-use water management. Geneva, World Health Organization.
http://www.who.int/household_water/en/

Link
International Environmental Technology Centre. Promotes environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) to address urban environmental problems, such as sewage, air pollution, solid waste, noise, and managing freshwater resources. Osaka, Japan, United Nations Environment Programme, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics.
http://www.unep.or.jp/Ietc/Intro/index.asp

Link
Joint Monitoring Programme for water supply and sanitation (JMP). World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund. Access to water and sanitation data from global to country level, data bases
http://www.wssinfo.org/en/welcome.html

Link
(The) Pan American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences (CEPIS). Lima, Peru
http://www.cepis.ops-oms.org/indexeng.html

Link
Regional seas programme. United Nations Environment Programme
http://www.unep.org/water/regseas/regseas.htm

Link
Sanitation Connection, Washington, DC. An environmental sanitation network. A web-based information network sponsored by multiple international organizations including the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Health Organization, bilateral agencies, and other partners.
http://www.sanicon.net/index.php3

Link
Strategic Alliance for Freshwater Information, Resources and Education (SAFFIRE). Internet-based network of 10 international agencies and non-governmental organizations providing thematic and organizational access to a very wide range of resources and data bases for the sustainable management of fresh water resources. United Nations Environment Programme.
http://www.water-saffire.net/

Link
UCC Water. UNEP collaborating centre of expertise on water and environment, Hørsholm, Denmark.
http://www.ucc-water.org/

Link
Water. Paris, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
http://www.unesco.org/water/

Link
Water, sanitation and health. Geneva, World Health Organization
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/en/

Link
Water, sanitation and health. Brazzaville, Congo, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa
http://www.afro.who.int/wsh/index.html

Link
Water and sanitation. Copenhagen, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
http://www.euro.who.int/eprise/main/who/progs/wsn/home?language=English

Link
Water Resources Development Management Service. Rome, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/

Other organizational links

These links provide access to internet-based networks disseminating a very wide range of water-related publications, tools, and resources.

Link
African Water Issues Research Unit. AWIRU is a not-for-profit applied research organization established to develop an African capacity to understand the complexity of African water management and development issues. University of Pretoria, Center for International Political Studies, South Africa.
http://www.up.ac.za/academic/libarts/polsci/awiru/aboutus.html

Link
Challenge Program on Water and Food . Growing more food with less water. Colombo, Sri Lanka, International Water Management Institute, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)
http://www.waterforfood.org/

Link
Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC). Dübendorf, Switzerland, Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology.
http://www.sandec.ch/

Link
Ecosan - Ecological Sanitation. Promoting a more holistic approach towards ecologically and economically sound sanitation. Eschborn, Germany, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ)
http://www2.gtz.de/ecosan/english/index.html

Link
Gender and Water Alliance. Mainstreaming gender in integrated water resources management. The Gender and Water Alliance is a network of 300 organizations and individuals from around the world. It is an associated programme of the Global Water Partnership (GWP) funded by the governments of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
http://www.genderandwateralliance.org/

Link
Integrated water resources management. Washington, DC, Organization of the American States, Office for Sustainable Development and Environment.
http://www.oas.org/usde/Thematic_Areas/WaterManagement/waterresources.htm

Link
The Inter-American Water Resources Network. The IWRN is a network of networks whose purpose is to build and strengthen water resources partnerships among nations, organizations and individuals within the context of environmental and economic sustainability in the Americas. Washington, DC, Organization of American States, Office for Sustainable Development and Environment
http://www.iwrn.net/ [available in English, Spanish, Portuguese and French]

Link
International Shared Aquifer Resource Management (ISRAM). ISARM is a collaborative project with the goal of developing and championing best practice for the management of groundwater resources shared between neighbouring countries. Sponsored by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH); and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).
http://www.iah.org/isarm/

Link
International Water and Sanitation Centre, Netherlands. Foundation including Dutch and international organizations and stakeholders, with a broad range of publications and activities on water resource management, health and sanitation.
http://www.irc.nl Free publications:
http://www.irc.nl/page/8382

Link
International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka. A non-profit scientific research organization working to improve water and land resources management for food livelihoods and nature.
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/health/index.htm

Link
Irrigation and drainage. Washington, DC, The World Bank, Development Topics, Agriculture and Rural Development.
http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/ESSD/ardext.nsf/11ByDocName/TopicsIrrigationandDrainage

Link
Kenya Water for Health Organization. Providing sustainable water and sanitation for the disadvantaged communities in Kenya. Involving both national and international agency partners. Nairobi, Kenya
http://www.kwaho.org/

Link
National ocean service. (NOS). NOS measures and predicts coastal and ocean phenomena, protects large areas of the oceans, and works to ensure safe navigation, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/

Link
Practica Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands. Nongovernmental organization fostering research and development and commercial application of technology in the field of water and energy in developing countries.
http://www.practicafoundation.nl

Link
Rural water supply and sanitation. Washington, DC, The World Bank, Water Supply and Sanitation.
http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/water/rural.html

Link
Sanitation Connection. An environmental sanitation network. A web-based information network sponsored by multiple international organizations including the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Health Organization, bilateral agencies, and other partners. Washington, DC
http://www.sanicon.net/index.php3

Link
Stockholm International Water Institute. A policy think tank that contributes to international efforts to find solutions to the world’s escalating water crisis.
http://www.siwi.org/

Link
Strategic Alliance for Freshwater Information, Resources and Education (SAFFIRE). Internet-based network of 10 international agencies and non-governmental organizations providing thematic and organizational access to a very wide range of resources and data bases for the sustainable management of fresh water resources. United Nations Environment Programme
http://www.water-saffire.net/

Link
Teaching Aids at Low Cost (TALC). Nongovernmental organization supporting development and dissemination of a range of free and very low-cost teaching aids on environment and health-related topics in the developing world, including aids for promotion of sustainable water supply, sanitation and hygiene, and community-based improvements/protection of traditional water sources. St Albans, Herts, UK
http://www.talcuk.org/about/index.htm

Link
Toolbox. Integrated water resources management. Sponsored by the Global Water Partnership, an organization founded in 1996 by the the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida), the United Nations Development Programme, and the World Bank.
http://gwpforum.netmasters05.netmasters.nl/en/index.html

Link
Urban Water Resources Management. Urban Environmental Research Initiative. A virtual resource library and research network addressing cutting edge development and environmental issues. Japan, Global Development Research Center (GDRC)
http://www.gdrc.org/uem/water/index.html

Link
Water and nature initiative. A 5-year action plan of 80 partner organizations to improve water management for healthy rivers and healthy communities. Gland, Switzerland, The World Conservation Union (IUCN)
http://www.iucn.org/themes/wani/

Link
Water and Sanitation Program An international partnership administered by the World Bank to help the poor gain sustained access to improved water supply and sanitation services. Washington, DC, The World Bank
http://www.wsp.org/

Link
Water, Engineering and Development Centre, Loughborough University, UK. This site provides access to multiple case-studies and technical guidance/information about good practice strategies for water management.
http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/index.php

Link
Water initiative. A cross-cutting theme initiative looking at water issues from multiple disciplines. New York, Columbia University, the Earth Institute.
http://www.earth.columbia.edu/crosscutting/cci/water.html

Link
Water portal of the Americas. WPoA is a water information service, including an Internet web site and other initiatives that enhance the availability of quality water information. Sponsored by The WaterWeb Consortium in collaboration with United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP).
http://www.waterportal-americas.org/ [Searchable in English, Spanish, or Portuguese]

Link
Water resources. Washington DC, World Bank
http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/ESSD/ardext.nsf/18ByDocName/WaterResourcesManagement

Link
Water supply and sanitation. Washington, DC, World Bank.
http://www.worldbank.org/watsan/

Link
WELL. A resource centre and network on water, sanitation and environmental health, sponsored by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. Leicestershire, UK, Loughborough University, Water, Engineering and Development Centre
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/

Link
World Water Council. The international water policy think tank. Links to water, food and environment; water and climate change. Marseille, France
http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/

Selection criteria and disclaimer

Selection criteria, copyright and disclaimer