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Global assessment of the state-of-the-science of endocrine disruptors


WHO/PCS/EDC/02.2

Table of contents

- Detailed Table of Contents and Preface [pdf 493kb]

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- Chapter 1: Executive Summary [pdf 461kb]

  1. Purpose and Scope of Document
  2. Endocrine Mechanisms of Action
  3. Dose-Response Relationships
  4. Effects in Wildlife
  5. Human Health Effects
  6. Exposure
  7. Causal Criteria and Weight of Evidence for Effects Resulting from Exposure to EDCs

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- Chapter 2: Introduction/Background [pdf 478kb]

  1. General Background
  2. Generic Issues
  3. Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption in Humans and Wildlife
  4. Dose-Response Relationships
  5. Exposure Issues

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- Chapter 3: Endocrinology and Endocrine Toxicology [pdf 2.1mb]

  1. Introduction to Endocrine Systems
  2. Scope and Terminology
  3. The HPG Axis in Mammals
  4. The HPA Axis
  5. The HPT Axis
  6. The Pineal Gland: A Photoperiodic Transducer
  7. Interactions of the HPG Axis with Other Endocrine Systems
  8. Growth in Understanding of Endocrine Systems
  9. Developmental/Programming Effects of Endocrine Systems
  10. Nonreproductive Effects of Sex Steroids
  11. Endocrine Cross Talk and Endocrine Disruptors
  12. Modes of Action and Phenotypic Outcomes of EDC-Related Developmental and Reproductive Toxicities
  13. EDC Modes of Action for Carcinogenesis - The Effect of Atrazine
  14. EDC-Related Modes of Action in Neurotoxicity
  15. EDC-Related Modes of Action in Immunotoxicity
  16. Basis for Attribution of Effects to Endocrine Disruption

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- Chapter 4: Wildlife [pdf 2.6mb]

  1. Mammals
  2. Birds
  3. Reptiles
  4. Amphibians
  5. Fish
  6. Invertebrates
  7. Uncertainties and Research Needs

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- Chapter 5: Human Health [pdf 668kb]

  1. Reproduction
  2. Neurobehavior
  3. Immune System
  4. Cancer
  5. Other Endocrine Systems Potentially Vulnerable to EDCs

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- Chapter 6: Exposure of Selected Potential EDCs in Humans and Wildlife [pdf 2.4mb]

  1. Introduction
  2. General Exposure Issues
  3. Case Studies
  4. Measurement of Exposure to EDCs
  5. Summary

- Annex I [pdf 2.5mb]

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- Chapter 7: Causal Criteria for Assessing Endocrine Disruptors - A Proposed Framework [pdf 493kb]

  1. Introduction
  2. Elements of the Proposed Framework
  3. Overall Strength of Evidence
  4. Illustrative Examples - Status and Trends Observations
  5. Illustrative Examples - Nonstatus and Trend-Type Observations

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- Chapter 8: General Conclusions and Research Needs [pdf 435kb]

- References [pdf 690kb]

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- Front cover [pdf 248kb]
- Back cover [pdf 248kb]

The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), established in 1980, is a joint programme of three Cooperating Organizations - ILO, UNEP and WHO, implementing activities related to chemical safety. WHO is the Executing Agency of the IPCS, whose main roles are to establish the scientific basis for safe use of chemicals, and to strengthen national capabilities and capacities for chemical safety.

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