Global assessment of the state-of-the-science of endocrine disruptors

WHO/PCS/EDC/02.2

Table of contents

• Purpose and Scope of Document
• Endocrine Mechanisms of Action
• Dose-Response Relationships
• Effects in Wildlife
• Human Health Effects
• Exposure
• Causal Criteria and Weight of Evidence for Effects Resulting from Exposure to EDCs

• General Background
• Generic Issues
• Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption in Humans and Wildlife
• Dose-Response Relationships
• Exposure Issues

• Introduction to Endocrine Systems
• Scope and Terminology
• The HPG Axis in Mammals
• The HPA Axis
• The HPT Axis
• The Pineal Gland: A Photoperiodic Transducer
• Interactions of the HPG Axis with Other Endocrine Systems
• Growth in Understanding of Endocrine Systems
• Developmental/Programming Effects of Endocrine Systems
• Nonreproductive Effects of Sex Steroids
• Endocrine Cross Talk and Endocrine Disruptors
• Modes of Action and Phenotypic Outcomes of EDC-Related Developmental and Reproductive Toxicities
• EDC Modes of Action for Carcinogenesis - The Effect of Atrazine
• EDC-Related Modes of Action in Neurotoxicity
• EDC-Related Modes of Action in Immunotoxicity
• Basis for Attribution of Effects to Endocrine Disruption

• Mammals
• Birds
• Reptiles
• Amphibians
• Fish
• Invertebrates
• Uncertainties and Research Needs

• Reproduction
• Neurobehavior
• Immune System
• Cancer
• Other Endocrine Systems Potentially Vulnerable to EDCs

• Introduction
• General Exposure Issues
• Case Studies
• Measurement of Exposure to EDCs
• Summary

• Introduction
• Elements of the Proposed Framework
• Overall Strength of Evidence
• Illustrative Examples - Status and Trends Observations
• Illustrative Examples - Nonstatus and Trend-Type Observations