Global assessment of the state-of-the-science of endocrine disruptors
WHO/PCS/EDC/02.2
Table of contents
- Purpose and Scope of Document
- Endocrine Mechanisms of Action
- Dose-Response Relationships
- Effects in Wildlife
- Human Health Effects
- Exposure
- Causal Criteria and Weight of Evidence for Effects Resulting from Exposure to EDCs
- General Background
- Generic Issues
- Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption in Humans and Wildlife
- Dose-Response Relationships
- Exposure Issues
- Introduction to Endocrine Systems
- Scope and Terminology
- The HPG Axis in Mammals
- The HPA Axis
- The HPT Axis
- The Pineal Gland: A Photoperiodic Transducer
- Interactions of the HPG Axis with Other Endocrine Systems
- Growth in Understanding of Endocrine Systems
- Developmental/Programming Effects of Endocrine Systems
- Nonreproductive Effects of Sex Steroids
- Endocrine Cross Talk and Endocrine Disruptors
- Modes of Action and Phenotypic Outcomes of EDC-Related Developmental and Reproductive Toxicities
- EDC Modes of Action for Carcinogenesis - The Effect of Atrazine
- EDC-Related Modes of Action in Neurotoxicity
- EDC-Related Modes of Action in Immunotoxicity
- Basis for Attribution of Effects to Endocrine Disruption
- Mammals
- Birds
- Reptiles
- Amphibians
- Fish
- Invertebrates
- Uncertainties and Research Needs
- Reproduction
- Neurobehavior
- Immune System
- Cancer
- Other Endocrine Systems Potentially Vulnerable to EDCs
- Introduction
- General Exposure Issues
- Case Studies
- Measurement of Exposure to EDCs
- Summary
- Introduction
- Elements of the Proposed Framework
- Overall Strength of Evidence
- Illustrative Examples - Status and Trends Observations
- Illustrative Examples - Nonstatus and Trend-Type Observations