Other methods of malaria vector control
In particular local situations other vector control methods may greatly enhance the effectiveness of interventions directed against adults or, especially in areas of low transmission, replace them.
However, other vector control methods are more demanding in terms of local technical expertise, and they are much less universally applicable than insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS).
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Larviciding
This is indicated only for vectors which tend to breed in permanent or semi-permanent water bodies that can be identified and treated, and where the density of the human population to be protected is sufficiently high to justify the treatment with relatively short cycles of all breeding places.
Environmental management approaches to vector control
These aim at modifying the environment to deprive the target vector population of its requirements for survival. This reduces human-vector contact and renders the conditions less conducive to disease transmission.
Personal protection measures
These include the use of window screens, ITNs, repellents and wearing light-colored clothes, long pants and long-sleeved shirts. Well-constructed houses with window screens are effective for preventing biting by mosquitoes that bite indoors.
Fogging or area spraying
This aims to kill flying mosquitoes by contact with the insecticide in the air. It must be properly timed to coincide with the time of peak adult activity. It has very limited indications for malaria control.
