Sub-national and district management: Primary Health Care
PHC financing and costs
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Cost analysis in PHC. A training manual for programme managers
Andrew Creese and David Parker (ed.), 1994
Identification, calculation of costs, accountability, efficiency, equity, effectiveness, indicators, economic costs, household costs, managerial efficiency, exercises with answers
(Website with links to individual chapters - total 155 pages) -
id21 Insights Health: Financing Primary Health Care
2008, Institute of Development Studies, UK
Skilled delivery care in Indonesia; contracting out health services; effective antimalarials; SWAps in Uganda; Malawi’s staffing crisis
(6 pages, pdf 408kb) -
Costs and Utilization of Primary Health Care Services in Albania: A National Perspective on a Facility-Level Analysis
pdf, 351kb
Alan Fairbank, 2004, Partners for Health Reform
Part1: resources spent nationwide on primary health care. Part 2: detailed analyses on measures of costs and productivity at four specific facilities. Conclusions: productivity in health centers located in urban areas is significantly higher than in rural areas; average cost of a PHC visit to a health center is higher than a visit to a polyclinic (which includes specialty visits); overstaffing at health centers accompanies underutilization and results in very low average patient contact per physician; but there is potential for improvements in quality and utilization if savings from reduced staffing were used to improve availability of supplies and equipment, and these improvements would improve productivity by lowering the cost per patient visit.
(78 pages, pdf 343kb)