Patient safety

Human factors tools

WHO Patient Safety is aiming to make human factors measurement tools
more accessible and easily identifiable for all who are doing patient safety
research. A range of tools are available here, split into four categories.
These links are provided for information only.

The World Health Organization (WHO) does not warrant that this information
is complete and correct, and shall not be liable whatsoever for any damages
incurred as a result of its use. WHO does not endorse the content of any tool
listed, any recommendations listed therein, nor any organization or
product mentioned.

For each category, the tools have been further divided into up to ten topic areas
as applicable:

  • The safety culture of an organization can be defined as the product
    of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies and
    patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style
    and proficiency of, an organization’s health and safety management.
  • Managerial leadership can be defined as the process of influencing
    people towards achievement of organizational goals.
  • Communication can be defined as the transfer of information, ideas,
    or feelings.
  • Teamwork can be defined as a dynamic process involving two or
    more people engaged in the activities necessary to complete a task.
  • Team leadership is defined by the team leader, who is the person
    appointed, elected or informally chosen to direct and coordinate the
    work of others in a group.
  • Situation awareness refers to an individual’s perception of the
    elements in the environment within the volume of time and space, the
    comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the
    near future.
  • Decision-making is the process of reaching a judgment or choosing an
    option, sometimes called a course of action to meet the needs of a given
    situation.
  • Stress is defined as the adverse reaction people have to excessive
    pressure or other types of demand placed upon them.
  • Fatigue is defined as the state of tiredness that is associated with long
    hours of work, prolonged periods without sleep, or requirements to work
    at times that are out of sync with the body’s biological or circadian rhythm.
  • Work environment is defined as a set of circumstances or a situation
    that could harm a person’s interest, such as their health or welfare.
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