First aid treatment
Since elimination of rabies virus at the site of infection by chemical or physical means is the most effective mechanism of protection, immediate washing and flushing with soap and water, detergent or water alone are imperative (this procedure is recommended for all bite wounds, including those unrelated to possible exposure to rabies). Then apply either ethanol (700 ml/l) or tincture or aqueous solution of iodine.
Treatment by, or under direction of a physician
Treat as described above and then:
- apply anti-rabies immunoglobulin by careful instillation in the depth of the wound and by infiltration around the wound
- postpone suturing of the wound
- if suturing is necessary, ensure that immunoglobulin has been applied locally as described above
- where indicated, begin anti-tetanus treatment and administer antimicrobials and drugs to control infections other than rabies