The Tobacco Atlas

The Tobacco Atlas
Foreword 
Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland,
Director-General, World Health Organization
Preface 
Acknowledgments 
Photo Credits 
About the Authors

1  The History of Tobacco 
The global spread of tobacco from the Americas to the rest of the world. Historical highlights of
key events and action taken to curb the epidemic.

Part One: PREVALENCE AND HEALTH

2  Types of Tobacco Use
Different forms of smoking and other forms of tobacco, including cigarettes, pipes, bidis, kreteks.

3  Male Smoking
Smoking prevalence among men. Trends in selected countries. Smoking among physicians.
Top 10 countries. Tobacco industry quote.

4  Female Smoking
Smoking prevalence among women. Trends in selected countries. Where women smoke as much as men. Where men smoke ten times as much as women. Tobacco industry quote.

5  Youth
Tobacco use prevalence among male and female youth. Passive smoking. Youth perception of smoking. Tobacco industry quotes.

6  Cigarette Consumption
Annual cigarette consumption per person. Top 5 countries. Global increases from 1880 to 2000. Increases in the average number of cigarettes smoked in China between 1952 and 1996.

7  Health Risks
How smoking harms you. Smoking in pregnancy. Deadly chemicals. Proportion of lung cancer, COPD and ischaemic heart disease. Tobacco industry quotes.

8  Passive Smoking
Harm caused by passive smoking. Children exposed to passive smoking. Numbers affected by passive smoking. Tobacco industry quotes.

9  Deaths 
Deaths from tobacco use in men and women. Dying in your prime: 35- to 69-year-olds who die from tobacco. Past and future deaths from tobacco: 1950 to 2030. Deaths in developed and developing countries. Number of people alive today who will eventually die from tobacco. Tobacco industry quote.

Part Two: THE COSTS OF TOBACCO

10  Costs to the Economy
Health care costs attributable to tobacco. Working days lost due to tobacco. Costs of fires and litter collection. Tobacco industry quotes.

11  Costs to the Smoker
Cost of a pack of Marlboro cigarettes or equivalent international brand. Minutes of labour worked to buy a packet of cigarettes. The cost of a pack of Marlboro cigarettes or equivalent international brand compared with food or clothing.

Part Three: THE TOBACCO TRADE

12 Growing Tobacco
Land devoted to growing tobacco by country. Leading producers of tobacco leaves. Deforestation due to tobacco.

13  Manufacturing Tobacco
Number of tobacco workers by country. Where the tobacco dollar goes. Less tobacco per cigarette. Additives.

14  Tobacco Companies
Leading manufacturers by country. The Big Five: revenue and market share of leading transnational tobacco companies. Tobacco industry quote.

15  Tobacco Trade
Cigarette exports by country. Top 10 cigarette importers. Top 10 leaf importers and exporters. US import and export of tobacco leaves and cigarettes.

16  Smuggling
Estimated smuggled cigarettes as a percentage
of domestic sales. Major recent or current smuggling routes. Global smuggling. Tackling tobacco smuggling in the UK: projected percentage of market share if action is or is not taken. Lost revenue in EU. Tobacco industry quote.

Part Four: PROMOTION

17  Tobacco Industry Promotion
Most popular cigarette brand by country. World’s most popular brands. How the advertising dollar is spent in the USA. Changes in cigarette marketing expenditure. Tobacco industry quote.

18  Internet Sales
Internet sales. Internet search for sites. Internet cigarette vendors in the USA. Test ordering from 12 websites. HM Customs and Excise quote. User comment posted on website.

19  Politics
Buying influence: expenditure on lobbying in the USA. Buying favours: tobacco companies’ contributions to federal candidates in the USA. Tobacco industry quotes.

20  Smokers' Rights Organisations
Location of smokers’ rights groups worldwide. Tobacco industry quotes.

21  Tobacco Industry Documents
Number of documents found on the Legacy website by country. Tobacco industry quotes.

Part Five: TAKING ACTION

22  Research 
Global Youth Tobacco Surveys completed by country.  Current foundation grant recipients. Comparative National Institute of Health expenditure on tobacco compared with other health problems. Published research: PubMed search for tobacco compared with other journal topics. Journals devoted to tobacco control.

23  Tobacco Control Organisations
WHO, international and regional tobacco control organisations.  Locations of all World Conferences. Tobacco industry quote.

24  Legislation: Smoke-free Areas
Where smoking is prohibited or restricted in some areas at work, and where employers voluntarily prohibit or restrict smoking. Sales before and after smoking bans in restaurants and bars in California. Nicotine concentration in public places in Barcelona, Spain. The cost of workplace smoking. Tobacco industry quote.

25  Legislation: Advertising Bans
Increases and decreases in adult cigarette consumption, and countries with comprehensive advertising bans in the same period. Effect of advertising bans. Tobacco industry quotes.

26  Legislation: Health Warnings
Where health warnings are required by law.
Impact on smokers of Canadian warnings. Public support for visible health warnings. Tobacco industry quote.

27  Health Education
World No Tobacco Day: participating countries, and themes from 1988 to 2002. Quit & Win campaigns. Tobacco industry quotes.

28  Quitting 
Percentages of ex-smokers. Quitting calendar:
the benefits of stopping smoking. Effects on deaths if smokers quit. Effect of smoking restrictions at home and at work. Impact of interventions on quitting.

29  Price Policy
Tobacco tax as a proportion of cigarette price. Cigarette price increases compared with consumption in the UK. Government income from tobacco. Cigarette tax as a proportion of price in the USA. Tobacco industry quote.

30  Litigation 
Legal action against the tobacco industry:
personal injury, public interest, non-smokers’
and government lawsuits. Cases brought by the tobacco industry. Smuggling litigation. Tobacco industry quote.

31  Projections by Industry
Projected rates of growth and decline of tobacco consumption by country 1998-2008. Regional projections.

32  The Future
Epidemiology, health, economics, the tobacco industry, action taken projected to 2050.

Part Six: WORLD TABLES

Table A:  The Demographics of Tobacco 
Population. Adult prevalence. Youth smoking. Youth exposed to passive smoking. Cigarette consumption. Quitting.

Table B:  The Business of Tobacco
Land area devoted to growing tobacco; quantity produced. Number of tobacco workers; number of cigarettes manufactured. Cigarette imports and exports; tobacco leaf imports and exports. Cost of a pack of Malboro cigarettes or equivalent international brand; minutes of labour needed to buy a pack of cigarettes. Tax as a proportion of cigarette price; tobacco tax revenues as a percentage of total tax revenue. Tobacco industry documents.

Glossary - Sources - Useful Contacts - Index