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printable version
Robyn Lucas, Tony McMichael, Wayne Smith and Bruce Armstrong
© World Health Organization 2006
ISBN 92 4 159440 3
To order a copy, please e-mail to: phedoc@who.int
Solar ultraviolet radiation: Global burden of disease from solar ultraviolet radiation
Environmental Burden of Disease Series, No. 13
Human exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation has important public health implications.
Evidence of harm associated with overexposure to UV has been demonstrated in many
studies. Skin cancer and malignant melanoma are among the most severe health effects, but a
series of other health effects have been identified. The current report provides a quantification
of the global disease burden associated with UV. The information presented forms a
knowledge base for the prevention of adverse effects of UV exposure that is achievable with
known and accessible interventions. UV prevention focuses on protecting the skin and other
organs from UV radiation. On the other hand, a moderate degree of UV exposure is necessary
for the production of Vitamin D which is essential for bone health. Additionally, evidence
emerges that low Vitamin D levels are likely to be associated with other chronic diseases.
Thus, public health policy on ultraviolet radiation needs to aim at preventing the disease
burden associated both with excessive and with insufficient UV exposure.
Download the full report
Solar ultraviolet radiation [pdf 2.97Mb]
Download the report in separate parts
Table of contents, Preface, Acknowledgements, Summary, Chapters 1 to 8, References [pdf 905kb]
Annex 1: Literature Review [pdf 622kb]
Annex 2: Epidemiologic studies used for estimation of population attributable fraction and descriptive studies of disease distribution [pdf 174kb]
Annex 3: Disease worksheets [pdf 553kb]
Annex 4: WHO subregions by latitude, Annex 5: Distribution of skin pigmentation, Annex 6: Estimation of disease incidence/prevalence for diseases with scanty epidemiological data [pdf 311kb]
Annex 7: Summary results for the year 2000 [pdf 882kb]
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"Sunshine and health - how to enjoy the sun safely" Available in the following languages:
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Arabic [pdf 37kb]
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Chinese [pdf 154kb]
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English [pdf 530kb]
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French [pdf 534kb]
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Spanish [pdf 557kb]
Fact sheet
Global disease burden from solar ultraviolet radiation
Note for the press
Health consequences of excessive solar UV radiation
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