TB vaccines and vaccine development
The need for different vaccine types
There are needs for a variety of vaccine types. For example, a vaccine is needed to prevent infection that could be given to infants. Another vaccine is needed to prevent progression of latent infections to active disease. Such a vaccine would be offered primarily to adults. Another vaccine is needed to assist in the treatment of active disease [i.e. an immunotherapeutic vaccine]. It is unlikely that a single vaccine will meet all needs.
The possibility for different vaccine types
In addition, there are a variety of possible vaccine types. Each type has strengths and weaknesses. For example, live vaccines like BCG may be needed to mimic natural disease. Subunit vaccines that contain that cannot replicate may be safer. Four major types of vaccines can be described. Each type is characterized by the materials contained in the vaccine.