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Typhoid
Disease burden. The very conservative annual number of typhoid cases for the year 2000 is estimated at 17 million with 600 000 deaths. In virtually all endemic areas, the incidence of typhoid fever is highest in children 5-19 years of age, even if some reports mention an earlier age. The number of sporadic cases of typhoid fever has remained relatively constant in the industrialized world, and with the advent of proper sanitary facilities, has been virtually eliminated in many areas. Most cases in developed countries are imported from endemic countries. Typhoid fever is characterized by the sudden onset of sustained fever, severe headache, nausea, severe loss of appetite, constipation or sometimes diarrhoea. Continue
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Background
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WHO V&B site on Typhoid [new window]
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WHO media fact sheet [new window]
Objectives
- Clinical evaluations of existing, new vaccine candidates.
- Development of new parenteral or oral vaccines that can be effective after one dose and that can be incorporated into the existing EPI schedule of vaccine delivery.
- Development of a human challenge model that can be safely used to evaluate vaccine candidates.
- Definition of immunological correlates of vaccine protection.
IVR sponsored activities
- WHO is supporting a research agenda on typhoid and typhoid fever with collaboration through the IVI
Key documents
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Diagnosis, treatment, prevention and epidemic preparedness of typhoid fever [pdf 272kb]
Links
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International Vaccine Institute [new window]
Meetings
- WHO Diarrhoeal Diseases Steering Committee, Montreux, Switzerland, 10-11 September 2003
Steering Committees
- Diarrhoeal Diseases Steering Committee
Disease Focal Point/Contact
Dr Duncan Steele
Research on Bacterial Vaccines
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