The world health report

Japan

Figures computed by WHO to assure comparability; they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Table 1: Basic indicators for all WHO Member States


Population estimates 1992 2002
Total population (000) 127478
Annual growth rate (%) 0.2
Dependency ratio (per 100) 43 48
% of population aged 60+ years 18.6 24.4
Total fertility rate 1.5 1.3
Life expectancy at birth (years) Males Females
2002 78.4 85.3
uncertainty 78.4 - 78.4 85.2 - 85.3
Both sexes 2002 81.9
Probability of dying (per 1000) Males Females
Under age 5 years 2002 4 4
uncertainty 4 - 4 4 - 4
Between ages 15 and 59 years 2002 95 46
uncertainty 95 - 96 45 - 46

Table 4: Healthy life expectancy (HALE) in all WHO Member States, estimates for 2002


2002 Males Females
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) (years) Total population at birth 75
At birth 72.3 77.7
Uncertainty interval 71.5 - 73.1 76.9 - 78.1
At age 60 17.5 21.7
Uncertainty interval 17.2 - 17.8 21.4 - 22.0
Expectation of lost healthy years at birth (years) 6.1 7.5
Percentage of total life expectancy lost 7.8 8.8

Table 5: Selected national health accounts indicators: measured levels of expenditure on health, 1997-2001


1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Total expenditure on health as % of GDP 6.8 7.1 7.5 7.7 8
General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health 77.2 77.4 78.1 77.7 77.9
Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health 22.8 22.6 21.9 22.3 22.1
General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 14.9 13.2 15.3 15.5 16.4
External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 0 0 0 0 0
Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 87.1 84.5 84 83.5 83.6
Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 74.8 78.2 77.8 74.5 74.9
Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.8 1.4

n/a Used when the information accessed indicates that a cell should have an entry but no estimates could be made.
0 Used when no evidence of the schemes to which the cell relates exist. Some estimates yielding a ratio inferior to 0.04% are shown as 0.

Table 6: Selected national health accounts indicators: measured levels of per capita expenditure on health, 1997-2001


1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 2337 2216 2634 2890 2627
Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar rate 1734 1730 1852 2002 2131
Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 1803 1715 2056 2245 2046
Per capita government expenditure on health at international dollar rate 1338 1339 1445 1555 1660

n/a Used when the information accessed indicates that a cell should have an entry but no estimates could be made.

Table 7: Millenium Development Goals: Selected health indicators in all WHO Member States, 2000 (unles specified)


Children under five years of age underweight for age 1978-81 % 3.7
Under-five mortality rate Per 1000 live births 5
Infant mortality rate Per 1000 live births 3
One-year-olds immunized against measles (2001) % 98
Maternal mortality ratio Per 100 000 live births 10
Births attended by skilled health personnel % 100
HIV prevalence among 15-49-years-olds % <0.1
Malaria mortality rate Per 100 000 0
Tuberculosis prevalence Per 100 000 46
Tuberculosis mortality rate Per 100 000 4
Tuberculosis cases Detected under DOTS (2001) % 28
Cured under DOTS % 70
Population using solid fuels % <5
Population with sustainable access to an improved water source Urban % n/a
Rural % n/a
Population with access to improved sanitation Urban % n/a
Rural % n/a

b Estimates from the 1990s.
...Countries not implementing DOTS or not reporting to WHO
n/a Data not available

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