Madagascar


Figures computed by WHO to assure comparability; they are not necessarily the official statistics of Member States, which may use alternative rigorous methods.

Table 1: Basic indicators for all WHO Member States


Population estimates 1992 2002
Total population (000) 16916
Annual growth rate (%) 2.9
Dependency ratio (per 100) 92 91
% of population aged 60+ years 4.8 4.7
Total fertility rate 6.2 5.7
Life expectancy at birth (years) Males Females
2002 54.4 58.4
uncertainty 46.8 - 61.0 49.5 - 65.0
Both sexes 2002 56.3
Probability of dying (per 1000) Males Females
Under age 5 years 2002 145 125
uncertainty 126 - 164 110 - 141
Between ages 15 and 59 years 2002 333 262
uncertainty 177 - 543 123 - 474

Table 4: Healthy life expectancy (HALE) in all WHO Member States, estimates for 2002


2002 Males Females
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) (years) Total population at birth 48.6
At birth 47.3 49.9
Uncertainty interval 40.8 - 52.3 42.5 - 54.8
At age 60 10.1 11.1
Uncertainty interval 9.1 - 11.1 10.0 - 12.0
Expectation of lost healthy years at birth (years) 7.2 8.4
Percentage of total life expectancy lost 13.1 14.4

Table 5: Selected national health accounts indicators: measured levels of expenditure on health, 1997-2001


1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Total expenditure on health as % of GDP 1.8 2.7 2.5 2.4 2
General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health 78.4 64.4 58.5 64.8 65.9
Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on health 21.6 35.6 41.5 35.2 34.1
General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 9 10.3 8.4 9.2 7.7
External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 35.8 28.6 36.3 38.1 36.8
Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 0 0 0 0 0
Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 73.2 89.2 89.7 87.7 85
Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 26.8 10.8 10.3 12.3 15

n/a Used when the information accessed indicates that a cell should have an entry but no estimates could be made.
0 Used when no evidence of the schemes to which the cell relates exist. Some estimates yielding a ratio inferior to 0.04% are shown as 0.

Table 6: Selected national health accounts indicators: measured levels of per capita expenditure on health, 1997-2001


1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 4 7 6 6 6
Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar rate 16 24 23 23 20
Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 3 4 4 4 4
Per capita government expenditure on health at international dollar rate 12 15 13 15 13

n/a Used when the information accessed indicates that a cell should have an entry but no estimates could be made.

Table 7: Millenium Development Goals: Selected health indicators in all WHO Member States, 2000 (unles specified)


Children under five years of age underweight for age 1997 % 40
Under-five mortality rate Per 1000 live births 139
Infant mortality rate Per 1000 live births 89
One-year-olds immunized against measles (2001) % 55
Maternal mortality ratio Per 100 000 live births 550
Births attended by skilled health personnel % 47.3
HIV prevalence among 15-49-years-olds % 0.2
Malaria mortality rate Per 100 000 138
Tuberculosis prevalence Per 100 000 471
Tuberculosis mortality rate Per 100 000 54
Tuberculosis cases Detected under DOTS (2001) % 60
Cured under DOTS % 70
Population using solid fuels % >95
Population with sustainable access to an improved water source Urban % 85
Rural % 31
Population with access to improved sanitation Urban % 70
Rural % 30

b Estimates from the 1990s.
...Countries not implementing DOTS or not reporting to WHO
n/a Data not available