Financial hardship due to out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending reflects how people’s direct payments for health care reduce their ability to meet basic needs or afford other goods and services. The Sustainable Development Goal  (SDG) indicator 3.8.2 is used to track this and is essential to assess the effectiveness of financial risk protection mechanisms - a core dimension of universal health coverage (UHC) and the focus of SDG Target 3.8. 

This page presents estimates based on the revised 2025 definition of SDG indicator 3.8.2 and its related components, defined as “proportion of the population with positive out-of-pocket household health expenditures on health exceeding 40% of the household discretionary budget”. Official UNSD metadata can be accessed here. 

Results are available at the country, regional, and global levels. Country-level estimates include disaggregation by area of residence, consumption or income quintiles, age and sex of the household head, and household age structure. Global and regional estimates are also provided in millions of people, in addition to percentages. 

Data based on the 2017 definition of SDG 3.8.2 indicator has been archived and will not be further updated.