Prevalence of Legionella as a waterborne pathogen and its health impacts in the pan-European region

Overview

Legionella infections represent a significant health burden in the pan-European region; in many countries it is considered among the most important waterborne pathogens. Reported case numbers are rising steadily, but legionellosis remains underdiagnosed or underreported. Unsafe management can lead to Legionella colonization of domestic distribution systems within buildings and other artificial water systems, resulting in human infections. This publication, developed under the Protocol on Water and Health, takes stock of the available regional evidence on the environmental prevalence and disease burden of Legionella. The situation assessment confirmed that prevention and control of Legionella require concerted action to raise awareness, strengthen national regulatory frameworks, and enhance capacities in laboratory diagnostics, outbreak detection and management. The Protocol on Water and Health serves as an important mechanism to advance this agenda, promoting risk-based management of water systems and serving as a platform for exchange of knowledge and good practices among countries.