In 2000 a global shortage of yellow fever vaccine occurred, mainly due to a combination of the relatively long time needed to produce the vaccine, and poor epidemiological surveillance and reporting in at-risk countries which made forecasting vaccine needs difficult.
With vaccine manufacturers as partners in the ICG, a stockpile of 2 million doses reserved for outbreak response was initially established. As of May 2016, 3 million doses were available for deployment.
To request access to ICG stocks, national or international health authorities should submit an application form to the ICG Secretariat (WHO Geneva), or to an ICG member agency (IRFC, MSF, UNICEF, WHO) present in the country. Requests are evaluated through a rapid consultation process taking into account the epidemiological situation, vaccination strategy, pre-existing stocks in the country and operational aspects of the epidemic response. Countries are informed of an ICG decision within 48 hours.