Delays in diagnosis leading to increased disease transmission, stagnating TB case notifications, and spread of MDR-TB are among the major challenges facing global TB control today. Care providers not linked to national TB programmes and especially private medical care providers in Asia are both a part of the problem and solution to all these challenges. Asia also has the largest burden of “missed” cases. The 2013 WHO Global TB report has identified 12 countries that account for 75% of the “missed 3 million cases” globally. Highburden countries in Asia account for over a million of these missed cases. A large proportion of these cases are likely managed outside the network of public sector services and not notified to the national TB programmes. The fact that the proportion of TB drugs sold in the private sector in Asia equal those used in public sector TB programmes, indicates that a large number of people with TB receive care in the private sector. Irrational use of diagnostics by private laboratories is also common in some countries. Furthermore, in most countries, public sector facilities such as large hospitals also contribute significantly to the burden of un-notified cases.