Global leprosy update, 2014: need for early case detection

Overview

Prevalence of leprosy globally decreased from >5 million cases in the mid-1980s to <200 000 by 2015 following introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT) as treatment for leprosy. Early diagnosis and complete treatment with MDT remain the key strategies for reducing disease burden due to leprosy. The dual effect of early detection of cases in breaking the chain of transmission and reduction of grade 2 disabilities (G2D cases) in a given community is high-lighted in the enhanced global leprosy strategy for further reducing the disease burden due to leprosy (2011–2015) which was adopted by national leprosy programmes and adapted to suit local conditions. The strategy includes interventions for provision of good quality leprosy services and sets a target of reduction of new G2D cases by 35%.

Ministers of Health from 17 highly endemic countries met in an International Leprosy Summit in July 2013, and discussed the challenges faced by the national leprosy programmes in reducing the disease burden; the Bangkok Declaration, a landmark declaration calling for reaffirmed political commitment for leprosy control and involvement of persons affected by leprosy in strengthening leprosy services, was adopted at the Summit. This brought a renewed impetus in leprosy programmes, particularly at peripheral and district level.