Weight loss and undernutrition are common in people living with HIV/AIDS and are likely to accelerate disease progression, increase morbidity and reduce survival. Nutritional interventions such as macronutrient supplementation may help meeting additional energy needs and improve the nutritional status of undernourished people living with HIV/AIDS, leading to improved clinical outcomes and therefore improved quality of life and survival.

The current, limited evidence base suggests that while macronutrient supplementation may increase energy intake, no conclusions can be drawn about the effects of macronutrient supplementation on reducing disease progression or HIV-related complications, such as opportunistic infections or death. Further research is required to fully assess the impact of macronutrient supplementation on the health of people living with HIV/AIDS.

Adequate nutrition, which is best achieved through consumption of a balanced healthy diet, is vital for health and survival for all individuals regardless of HIV status.