
Mpox (monkeypox) outbreak
2022
Overview
Since early May 2022, cases of mpox (monkeypox) have been reported from countries where the disease is not endemic, and continue to be reported in several endemic countries. Most confirmed cases with travel history reported travel to countries in Europe and North America, rather than West or Central Africa where the mpox virus is endemic. This is the first time that many mpox cases and clusters have been reported concurrently in non-endemic and endemic countries in widely disparate geographical areas.
Most reported cases so far have been identified through sexual health or other health services in primary or secondary health-care facilities and have involved mainly, but not exclusively, men who have sex with men.
WHO is collaborating with health authorities to prevent further spread of the disease. We are issuing guidance to help countries on surveillance, laboratory work, clinical care, infection prevention and control, as well as risk communication and community engagement to inform communities at risk and the broader general public about mpox and how to keep safe. We are also working closely with countries in Africa, regional institutions, and technical and financial partners, to support efforts to bolster laboratory diagnosis, disease surveillance, readiness and response actions to prevent further infections.
Latest trends
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Public health advice for sex workers on mpox
This document includes public health advice for sex workers on protecting themselves, their clients and others in close contact against mpox. It is intended...

Public health advice on mpox and congregate settings: settings in which people live, stay or work in...
Because the mpox (monkeypox) virus spreads through close contact, places where people live in proximity to others may be at higher risk of mpox if the...

Public health advice for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men on the recent outbreak of...
Outbreaks of mpox in newly affected countries have mostly been identified in communities of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men who have...

This document contains public health advice for sex-on-premises venues and events to control the spread of mpox (monkeypox), while enabling venues to...

Monkeypox strategic preparedness, readiness, and response: Operational planning guidelines
Building upon the framework of the Monkeypox Strategic Preparedness, Readiness and Response Plan, the Operational Planning Guidelines serves as a practical...

WHO Emergency Appeal: Monkeypox - July 2022 – June 2023
Since early May 2022, cases of monkeypox have been reported from countries in Europe and the Americas, amounting to an unusually high number of cases and...

The Monkeypox Strategic Preparedness, Readiness, and Response Plan (SPRP) outlines a framework of priorities for aligning collective efforts...
Publications
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Strategic actions for infection prevention and control and water, sanitation and hygiene during mpox...
This executive summary provides an overview of the mpox infection prevention and control (IPC) and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) strategic actions...

The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) met on 10–13 March 2025. This report summarizes their discussions, conclusions,...

Strategic actions for infection prevention and control and water, sanitation and hygiene during mpox...
The mpox IPC and WASH strategy focuses on strengthening two major components of the response: 1) safe and scalable care within health-care facilities and...

Clinical management and infection prevention and control for mpox: living guideline, May 2025
This document is for public health specialists, health emergency responders, clinicians, health facility managers, health and care workers and IPC...
Situation reports
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