Global Malaria Programme
The WHO Global Malaria Programme (GMP) is responsible for coordinating WHO's global efforts to control and eliminate malaria. Its work is guided by the "Global technical strategy for malaria 2016–2030" adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2015 and updated in 2021.
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Malaria Threats Map: tracking the spread of biological threats to malaria

The Malaria Threats Map is an interactive data platform, which provides a geographic overview of the status of the 4 biological threats to malaria control and elimination:

  •     vector insecticide resistance
  •     pfhrp2/3 gene deletions
  •     antimalarial drug efficacy and drug resistance 
  •     the emergence of invasive vector species

Over the last 2 years, the Malaria Threats Map has undergone a phase of review and development. The platform has been re-designed to accommodate the needs of users which were identified during a user experience survey. Key changes include: a new home page, improved navigation and organization of features, dashboards with summary data of key indicators by country, and a dedicated download interface. The application includes a short tutorial to introduce users to the new features.

For questions or suggestions, please contact: [email protected]

Malaria Threats Map

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Global databases included in the Malaria Threats Map

Vector insecticide resistance

The global database on insecticide resistance in malaria vectors was established in 2014 to help track insecticide resistance worldwide. Following a large data consolidation exercise conducted in 2019, which included the integration of separate WHO regional databases and data from other public sources, it has become the largest database on insecticide resistance available at present. It contains data on the status of insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles mosquitoes in more than 88 countries. The contents of the database are provided by Member States, partners (including research and academic institutes) as well as nongovernmental organizations, and are extracted from published and non-published reports on insecticide bioassays.

P. falciparum hrp2/3 gene deletions

The global database on P. falciparum hrp2/3 gene deletions was established in 2017 based on a review of published and unpublished reports. It aims at accelerating the understanding of the geographical distribution of pfhrp2/3 gene deletions and how this evolves over time.

Collection of information on pfhrp2 deletions

The WHO Response Plan to pfhrp2 deletions calls for urgent action to determine the scale and scope of the problem and WHO has developed surveillance protocol templates to support these efforts. Tracking of surveillance activities is critical to directing resources as well as informing RDT demand forecasting and R&D. WHO has therefore developed a pfhrp2 surveillance dashboard to be voluntarily populated by representatives of ministries of health and research groups leading surveillance efforts. Collectively this will generate a global picture of pfhrp2/3 surveillance efforts. The contents of the dashboard will be updated monthly and freely downloadable and eventually visually integrated into the Malaria Threats Map platform.  


Antimalarial drug efficacy and drug resistance

The global database on antimalarial drug efficacy and resistance was initiated in 2000 to facilitate tracking the status of antimalarial drug efficacy in malaria endemic countries. The contents of the database are extracted from published and non-published therapeutic efficacy studies (TES) and molecular marker studies conducted by ministries of health, national malaria control programmes, research institutes and nongovernmental organizations. The database includes data for the 5 malaria parasite species and 4 types of molecular markers of resistance: Kelch 13, Pfplasmepsin 2-3, Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt.

Collection of information on planned and ongoing monitoring of drug efficacy and resistance

Regular monitoring of antimalarial drug efficacy is needed to inform treatment policies, and surveillance of molecular markers of antimalarial drug resistance can help track the spread of antimalarial drug resistance and inform the need for further activities. Having an overview of planned and ongoing collection of efficacy and resistance information is crucial to direct resources and surveillance activities. WHO has therefore developed 2 dashboards: one to collect information on studies of drug efficacy and another to collect information on surveys of molecular markers of drug resistance. These dashboards are to be voluntarily populated by representatives of ministries of health, partners and research groups leading surveillance efforts. Collectively this will generate a global picture of drug efficacy and resistance surveillance efforts. The contents of the dashboards will be updated monthly and freely downloadable and eventually visually integrated into the Malaria Threats Map platform.



Invasive vector species

The global database on invasive mosquito vector species was created in August 2018 following a recommendation from the Evidence Review Group on the spread of Anopheles stephensi. At present, the database contains data on detection of Anopheles stephensi outside of its native ecosystems. Detections of other invasive species will be added as reports become available. The data is provided by Member States, research institutions or directly extracted from peer-reviewed scientific publications.