Exposure to radiation

Exposure to radiation

Ionizing (x-rays, radionuclides) and non-ionizing radiation (UV, lasers) exposure may occur in health-care settings and pose specific risk to the health and safety of health workers.

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Exposure to radiation

Exposure to ionizing radiation may cause skin and blood damage, cataract, infertility, birth defects and cancer.

The probability of radiation adverse health effects is proportional to the dose received, but no level of radiation exposure is completely safe.

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause skin cancer, skin burn and cataract, while lasers can cause tissue burns, eye damage, fire and explosion and system failures (1).

Preventive measures (2-4)


Use radiation only to cases where the benefits outweigh the risks

Put in place shielding, protective barriers, safety interlocks, warning signs and signals

Obtain permission from the relevant authority for medical use of radiation and follow the recommendations for safe use

Restrict access to areas where radiation is used to authorised persons only

Train workers on safe use of equipment and sources of radiation

Organize regular inspection of medical radiation devices by the competent authority

Determine the level of exposure of different occupational groups for planned exposure

Monitor exposure and organize medical surveillance of exposed workers

Encourage female workers to report if they become pregnant and reallocate them to tasks without radiation exposure

Develop standard operating procedures for action in case of accidental exposure to radiation

Report all accidental and planned exposures above the exposure limit

Report cases of occupational injuries and diseases due to radiation exposure to national authorities responsible for compensation

Provide workers with adequate personal protective equipment including protective clothing, respiratory protective equipment, protective aprons, gloves and organ shields

Follow the measures recommended by the manufactures for use of medical devices with non-ionizing radiation, such as UV (phototherapy and germicidal lamps) and lasers

Use eye and skin protection and proper clothing while working outdoors with high levels of UV index from solar radiation


References

(1) Laser safety: Risks, hazards, and control measures.

Smalley PJ. Laser Ther. 2011; 20(2): 95–106.

(2) Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards.

International Atomic Energy Agency. 2014.

(3) Occupational Radiation Protection.

International Atomic Energy Agency. 2018.

(4) Radiation Protection and Safety in Medical Uses of Ionizing Radiation.

International Atomic Energy Agency. 2018.